退耕还林还草:宁夏中南部生态脆弱区生态减贫实践探索  

Returning Farmland to Forest and Grassland: Practice and Exploration of Ecological Poverty Reduction in Ecologically Fragile Areas in Central and Southern Ningxia

作　　者：孔丽霞[1] 叶毅 KONG Li-xia;YE Yi(School of Ethnology,North Minzu University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]北方民族大学法学院,宁夏·银川750021 [2]北方民族大学民族学学院,宁夏·银川750021

出　　处：《贵州民族研究》2022年第3期109-114,共6页Guizhou Ethnic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“六盘山生态脆弱区森林碳汇补偿机制研究”(项目编号:19BMZ141)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：退耕还林还草是维护宁夏生态安全的战略举措,是推进西北民族地区可持续发展的政策选择。2018年以来,宁夏回族自治区推进新一轮退耕还林还草项目,主要涉及宁夏中南部少数民族聚居的生态脆弱地区。通过退耕还林还草项目的实施,宁夏中南部获得了三方面社会效益。一是生态效益,主要包括水土保持效益明显、增加了涵养水源、净化了空气、改善了生活环境;二是直接减贫经济效益,主要包括财政补助增加了贫困农户收入、农业产业结构调整增加贫困农户收入、生计方式转变增加农户收入;三是间接减贫经济效益,主要包括保护农田和水利设施作用、改善了农业生产条件、推进农业现代化进程等。同时,新一轮退耕还林还草项目建设面临着如退耕补助标准低不利于扶贫减贫、新型经营主体与退耕农户之间的利益难以平衡、市场销售跟不上经济林发展需要等问题。在厘清问题原因的基础上,通过合理提高退耕补助标准、调整地块、实现退耕规模化、推动退耕产业化经营、纳入补偿基金或延长补助年限、减少复垦风险、积极发展后续产业等举措,能确保宁夏中南部少数民族聚居区生态建设和生态移民迁出区生态减贫防贫双重目标实现。Returning farmland to forest and grassland is a strategic measure to maintain ecological security in Ningxia and a policy choice to promote coordinated and sustainable development in Northwest China. Since 2018, Ningxia Autonomous Region has promoted the construction of a new round of returning farmland to forest and grassland projects,mainly involving ecological immigrant poor areas such as central and Southern Ningxia. Through the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forest and grassland, the central and Southern Ningxia has obtained three social benefits.First, ecological benefits, mainly including: obvious benefits of soil and water conservation, increased water conservation,purified air and improved living environment;Second, the economic benefits of direct poverty reduction, mainly including:financial subsidies increase the income of poor farmers, accelerate the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, increase the income of poor farmers, and increase the income of farmers by means of livelihood;Third, the economic benefits of indirect poverty reduction, mainly including sheltering farmland and water conservancy facilities, improving agricultural production conditions and promoting the process of agricultural modernization. At the same time, the construction of a new round of returning farmland to forest and grassland projects is facing some problems, such as the low subsidy standard for returning farmland is not conducive to poverty alleviation, the interests between new business entities and returning farmland farmers are difficult to balance, and market sales can not keep up with the needs of economic forestry development, etc. On the basis of clarifying the causes of the problems, by reasonably improving the subsidy standard for returning farmland, reasonably adjusting plots, realizing the scale of returning farmland, promoting the industrialized operation of returning farmland, including it into the compensation fund or extending the subsidy period, reducing the reclamation ri

关 键 词：退耕还林还草 宁夏中南部 生态脆弱区 生态减贫 

分 类 号：C95-05[社会学—民族学]