超疏水涂层在沥青路面上的抗凝冰性能分析  

Analysis of Anticoagulant Ice Performance of Superhydrophobic Coating Asphalt Concrete Surface

作　　者：鲁浈浈 葛倩倩[1] 陈健 梁杨 魏鹏 LU Zhen-zhen;GE Qian-qian;CHEN Jian;LIANG Yang;WEI Peng(a.School of Civil Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Traffic Civil Engineering Materials,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;Chongqing Municipal Facilities Administration,Chongqing 400014,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学土木工程学院,重庆400074 [2]重庆交通大学交通土建工程材料国家地方联合工程实验室,重庆400074 [3]重庆市政设施管理局,重庆400014

出　　处：《表面技术》2022年第7期324-333,352,共11页Surface Technology

基　　金：重庆市科技术创新与应用发展资助项目(cstc2019jscx–msxmX0290);重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYS22395)。

摘　　要：目的分析超疏水涂层在沥青路面应用时的抗凝冰性能,解决中国北方和高海拔地区路面结冰易引发交通事故的问题。方法以疏水纳米SiO_(2)粉末和聚氨酯改性聚硅氧烷为主要材料,制备出超疏水SiO_(2)/聚硅氧烷复合溶液,使用浸涂法在沥青马歇尔试件表面形成超疏水涂层。分析涂层的耐磨性、透光性、化学稳定性、疏水性等,同时模拟雨滴结冰试验、落锤除冰试验、低温抗冻试验,评价超疏水涂层的耐磨性、透明性、耐酸碱腐蚀性、抗凝冰性、易除冰性和低温抗冻性,并通过扫描电子显微镜对涂层表面形貌进行分析。结果当制备的超疏水复合溶液中纳米SiO_(2)的质量分数为7.5%时,涂层的透光率为76.3%,水滴的接触角能达到160.9°±0.7°,即使试件表面被雨水冲刷5 h,依旧可以维持一定的疏水性能。在低温箱中,将完整的试件与表面磨损的试件同时放置在−20~0℃环境下1 h,完整试件的接触角仍大于150°,表面磨损的试件也能保持一定的疏水性能;在−5℃的低温箱中,将水滴匀速喷洒在完整的超疏水沥青混凝土试件和磨损试件表面,以模拟结冰,发现完整试件表面未出现结冰现象,磨损试件表面有少量结冰;即使超疏水沥青混凝土试件表面结冰,通过“落锤”试验模拟行车荷载对试件表面冰层进行冲击,冰层也可轻易除去。除此之外,使用Abaqus软件模拟超疏水沥青路面的除冰机理,对模型仅施加车辆荷载,计算得到冰层内部的最大拉应变为3.25×10^(−4),最大剪切应变为4.25×10^(−4),均大于冰层的极限破坏拉应变(2.2×10^(−4))和极限破坏剪切应变(2.4×10^(−4))。结论纳米SiO_(2)粒子在涂层表面团聚形成了微纳粗糙结构,使涂层具有超疏水性。涂层的超疏水性可以降低水与路面之间的黏结力,使水滴落在超疏水沥青混凝土涂层表面时即刻滚落,有效减小了路面的结冰量,提高了沥青路面�This study aims to understand the anti-icing performance of superhydrophobic coating applied to asphalt pavements and solve the problem of traffic accidents caused by road icing in northern China and high-altitude areas.With the hydrophobic nano-SiO_(2) powder and polyurethane modified polysiloxane as the main materials,transparent superhydrophobic SiO_(2)/polysiloxane composite coating was prepared on the asphalt marshall specimen surface by the dip coating method.Then,this study made the analysis of the wear resistance,light transmittance,chemical stability and superhydrophobicity of the coating.Meanwhile,it simulated tests such as icing test,"drop weight"test,and anti-freezing test,which were used to evaluate the abrasion resistance,transparency,acid and alkali corrosion resistance,anti-icing performance,easy deicing performance and low-temperature frost resistance of the superhydrophobic coating and the surface morphology of the coating was analyzed by scanning electron microscope and optical microscope.The results showed that the SiO_(2) mass fraction is 7.5%and the light transmittance of the coating is 76.3%,the water contact angle of the composite coating could reach 160.9°±0.7°;even if the surface of the test piece was washed by rain for 5 hours,it could still maintain a certain degree of hydrophobicity;meanwhile,the complete superhydrophobic coating and the superhydrophobic coating with abrasion were applied to asphalt concrete pavement,the contact angle of the complete superhydrophobic coating was still greater than 150°after freezing for 1 h at low temperature(−20-0℃),and the coating with abrasion on the surface can also maintain a certain degree of hydrophobicity.In a−5℃cryogenic tank,water drops were dropped at a constant rate on the surface of the tilted complete superhydrophobic asphalt concrete and the superhydrophobic asphalt concrete with abrasion.The surface of the complete superhydrophobic asphalt concrete was free of water droplets,and there was a small amount of icing on the surf

关 键 词：超疏水涂层 沥青混凝土 SiO_(2) 改性聚硅氧烷 复合结构 抗凝冰 软件模拟 

分 类 号：U416[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]