飞机蒙皮纳秒脉冲激光除漆工艺与机理研究  

Technology and Mechanism of Nanosecond Pulse Laser Paint Removal of Aircraft Skin

作　　者：秦哲[1,2] 高谦 王斌 杨雅婷 陈亚军 QIN Zhe;GAO Qian;WANG Bin;YANG Ya-ting;CHEN Ya-jun(Sino-European Institute of Aviation Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;Tianjin Liangyi Technology Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300100,China;College of Artificial Intelligence,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学中欧航空工程师学院,天津300300 [2]天津良益科技股份有限公司,天津300100 [3]南开大学人工智能学院,天津300071

出　　处：《表面技术》2022年第7期370-376,396,共8页Surface Technology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(ZXH_(2)011C013)。

摘　　要：目的寻求2024航空铝合金基体表面环氧漆层纳秒脉冲激光去除的最佳工艺参数。方法运用正交试验方法,通过改变激光功率、脉冲频率和扫描速度等参数,结合三维轮廓仪和扫描电子显微镜分析试样表面除漆后的微观形貌和残漆率。同时,为了研究激光除漆机理,采用能谱仪和拉曼光谱仪分析除漆前后环氧漆层成分的变化情况。结果工艺参数对试样除漆后残漆率的影响的主次顺序为扫描速度、激光功率、脉冲频率。当扫描速度较小时,随着激光功率的提高,激光烧蚀效应占据主导地位。在增加脉冲频率时,单脉冲激光能量密度随之减小,激光烧蚀效应减弱,除漆效果变差。实验以残漆率为优化指标,获得的最佳除漆工艺参数组合为扫描速度60 mm/s、激光功率7 W、脉冲频率20 kHz。使用此工艺参数测得试样表面的残漆率平均值为0.02。结论通过选择合适的工艺参数,采用纳秒脉冲激光可以有效去除铝合金基体表面的环氧漆层,并且不会损伤基体。除漆机理以激光烧蚀效应和热振动效应为主,漆层被激光烧蚀后形成碳化物,经过二次激光清洗,碳化物受到热振动效应作用可被基本去除,该研究可为今后飞机蒙皮除漆工艺参数的确定提供参考。Researches on laser paint removal mainly focus on the influence of laser energy density,scanning speed,pulse frequency and scanning times on paint removal effect and substrate performance.Although the best paint removal parameters are finally determined,there are some contingencies in the selection of paint removal research parameters.Orthogonal test method is a design method to study multi-factor and multi-level.It selects some representative level combinations from the comprehensive experiment according to Galois theory,and analyzes the results to find out the optimal level combination.In this study,a fiber pulse laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm was used to remove about 35μm thick epoxy paint on the surface of 2024 aluminum alloy substrate,which is commonly used in aircraft skin.The optimum process parameters of nanosecond pulse laser removal of epoxy paint on 2024 aviation aluminum alloy substrate were scientifically analyzed and found by orthogonal test.The micro morphology and residual paint rate of the sample surface after paint removal were analyzed by changing the parameters such as laser power,pulse frequency and scanning speed,combined with three-dimensional profilometer and scanning electron microscope.At the same time,in order to study the mechanism of laser paint removal,the composition changes of epoxy paint layer before and after paint removal were analyzed by energy spectrometer and Raman spectrometer.It is found that the main order of the influence of laser paint removal process parameters on the residual paint rate after paint removal is:scanning speed,laser power and then pulse frequency.The effect of scanning speed on the residual paint rate is obvious.When the scanning speed is low,the energy accumulation effect of pulsed laser is more obvious,the temperature of paint layer increases rapidly under the action of laser,and the high-temperature ablation effect of paint layer due to laser absorption increases gradually.When the scanning speed is high,the ablation effect is weakened,but due to

关 键 词：纳秒脉冲激光 除漆 正交试验法 表面形貌 残漆率 工艺参数优化 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学]