疫情防控常态化背景下高等学校毕业生就业状况及影响因素  

College Graduates’ Employment and Influencing Factors in the Context of the Regular COVID-19 Pandemic Prevention and Control

作　　者：岳昌君 邱文琪 Yue Changjun;Qiu Wenqi(Institute of Economics of Education(Key Research Institute in University),Peking University,Beijing 100871;School of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地北京大学教育经济研究所,北京100871 [2]北京大学教育学院,北京100871

出　　处：《教育研究》2022年第6期28-44,共17页Educational Research

摘　　要：在国内外经济下行压力增大、高等学校毕业生供给规模持续扩大、新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控步入常态化的背景下,基于全国19个省份34所高等学校的抽样调查数据,运用统计和计量回归方法,对2021年高等学校毕业生的就业状况及其影响因素进行实证分析。研究发现,从毕业落实情况来看,2021年高等学校毕业生整体落实率为76.5%,较疫情前的2019年下降3.6个百分点,单位就业、灵活就业和出国出境的比例均有所下降,国内升学的比例提高;从就业分布来看,毕业生就业的地区、地点、行业等更加集中,东部地区和大中城市依然是毕业生的主要选择,民营企业吸纳毕业生的能力与2019年持平,机关和事业单位的就业比例有所提高;人力资本和求职努力依然是影响毕业生求职结果和就业质量的重要因素,就业地区、行业、单位等均对毕业生的就业起薪有显著影响。为此,应继续发挥政府的宏观调控作用,丰富劳动力市场就业形式,提高高等教育人才培养质量,引导毕业生提升人力资本积累、转变就业观念以适应劳动力市场需求。In the context of the increasing downward pressure on domestic and foreign economies,the continuously increased supply of college graduates,and the regular COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control in China,based on a survey of 34 colleges and universities in 19 provinces of China in 2021,this study conducts an empirical analysis of college graduates’ employment and influencing factors by using statistics and quantitative regression analysis. The findings show the following:The overall job placement rate of the college graduates in 2021 was 76.5%,a decrease of 3.6%compared with that of the college graduates in 2019;there were lower proportions of formal employment,informal employment and overseas studies,but a higher proportion of further studies in China;the regions,locations and industries where college graduates were employed were more concentrated,with the eastern regions and large or medium-sized cities remaining their major choices;private enterprises recruited college graduates in the same proportion as in 2019,and government agencies and public institutions employed a higher proportion of college graduates;human capital and job-seeking efforts were still important factors affecting college graduates’ job-seeking results and the quality of their employment,and regions,industries,and workplaces all had a significant impact on their starting salaries. In conclusion,the authors propose continuing to give play to the government’s macro-control,enrich the forms of employment in the labor market,improve the quality of talent training in higher education,and guide college graduates to accumulate more human capital and change their ideas of employment so as to meet the needs of the labor market.

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情 高等学校毕业生 就业状况 影响因素 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] G647.38[经济管理—国民经济]