多花兰传粉生物学研究  

Pollination biology of Cymbidium floribundum(Orchidaceae)

作　　者：罗火林[1] 陈兴惠 肖汉文 陈衍如 刘环 卢建 黄文辉 熊冬金[1] 杨柏云[1] LUO Huolin;CHEN Xinghui;XIAO Hanwen;CHEN Yanru;LIU Huan;LU Jian;HUANG Wenhui;XIONG Dongjin;YANG Boyun(School of Life Science,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China;National Nature Reserve of Qiyunshan,Ganzhou 341315,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省植物资源重点实验室,南昌大学生命科学学院,南昌330031 [2]江西齐云山国家级自然保护区,赣州341000

出　　处：《生态科学》2022年第5期72-80,共9页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项(2018FY100406);国家自然科学基金项目(31360491);江西省自然科学基金(20171ACB21014)。

摘　　要：传粉是植物繁殖和进化的一个关键环节,为探讨中国产多花兰(Cymbidium floribundum)的传粉生物学特性,对其开花物候、繁育系统、花的挥发性成分、传粉昆虫行为学实验进行了研究。结果表明,多花兰不存在自动自交和无融合生殖,种子的形成有赖于传粉媒介。其自然结实率远低于人工授粉,存在严重的传粉限制。中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana)为多花兰的有效传粉昆虫,但未能从中获得报酬,在传粉过程中将花粉块连药帽一起带出。通过昆虫的行为学实验发现,多花兰气味对中华蜜蜂具有显著性吸引作用,而颜色对中华蜜蜂无显著性吸引作用。花朵的主要挥发性成分为醛类与醇类物质,一天之中在种类和量上几乎没有变化,只有芳樟醇含量的变化与传粉昆虫活动频率相关。本研究可为兰多花兰的野生保护和杂交育种提供一定依据。Pollination is a key link in plant reproduction and evolution.In order to explore the pollination biological characteristics of Cymbidium floribundum,the flowering phenology,breeding system,flower volatile components and behavior of pollinating insects were studied.The results showed that there was no automatic selfing and apomictic reproduction in C.floribundum,and the formation of seeds depended on pollinators.Its natural seed setting rate was much lower than that of artificial pollination,and there were serious pollination restrictions.Apis cerana was an effective pollinator for C.floribundum,but it could not get reward from the plants.During pollination,the pollinium was taken out together with the cap.Through the behavioral experiments of insects,it was found that the odor of C.floribundum played a key role in attracting pollinators,while the color had no significant attractive effect on A.cerana.The main volatile components of flowers were aldehydes and alcohols,and there was almost no change in type and amount in a day for the volatile components.Only the change in linalool content was related to the frequency of pollinating insects.This study could provide a certain basis for wild protection and hybrid breeding of orchids.

关 键 词：多花兰 繁育系统 中华蜜蜂 传粉生物学 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]