基于Landsat影像研究全球气候变化对武夷山国家公园垂直带谱上各植被群落的影响  

Study on the impact of global climate change on the communities of vegetation vertical zone spectrum in Wuyishan National Park based on Landsat imagery

作　　者：刘月 濮毅涵 刘艳清 安德帅 徐丹丹 朱建琴[4] 阮宏华 LIU Yue;PU Yihan;LIU Yanqing;AN Deshuai;XU Dandan;ZHU Jianqin;RUAN Honghua(College of Forestry,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;College of Biology and the Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Research Monitoring Center,Wuyishan National Park,Wuyishan 354300,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学林学院,南京210037 [2]南京林业大学生物与环境学院,南京210037 [3]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京210037 [4]武夷山国家公园科研监测中心,武夷山市354300

出　　处：《生态科学》2022年第5期152-162,共11页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41901361);福建省林业厅资助项目(闽林科便函[(2018)26号]);江苏省“六大人才高峰”创新人才团队项目(TD-XYDXX-006)。

摘　　要：全球气候变暖对全球植被的影响巨大,主要表现在植被群落往高海拔和高纬度的迁移。研究垂直分带上的植被群落的迁移有助于理解植被群落对气候变化的响应机制。而垂直植被带谱上的植被分类是研究垂直分带上植物群落迁移的基础,特别是常绿阔叶林的垂直植被带谱上的植被分类在研究上是一个难点。因此,本研究基于Landsat影像,通过主成分分析的方法,提取出影响分类的主要波段,融合不同季节的波段数据及DEM数据,并根据结果进行监督分类的方法,对1986—2018年武夷山垂直带谱上的各个植被群落进行准确的分类和监测,并结合期间的气候变化探讨影响植被变化的主要原因。主要的研究成果显示:利用经过主成分分析的数据来分类山体植被类型的方法具有一定的可行性,可以较好的分类出草甸,竹林,针叶林,针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林,总体分类精度为93.3%,Kappa系数为0.91;1986—2018年期间,武夷山地区气候变暖明显,针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林的面积受气候变暖的影响呈增加趋势,针叶林及草甸面积呈减少趋势,植被的迁移和面积变化受气温的影响较大,尤其是针阔混交林对气候变化响应最为明显;针阔混交林的分布海拔上限有所上升,草甸和针叶林的分布海拔无明显变化。利用主成分分析结合不同植被类型的物候特征和海拔分布特征能很好地识别亚热带常绿阔叶林的垂直带谱,为气候变化对武夷山国家公园的影响提供技术和理论依据。Global warming has great impact on vegetation dynamics,which mainly reflects on the migration of vegetation communities to high altitude and high latitude.Studying vegetation community migration in vertical zoning is helpful to understand the response of vegetation communities to climate change.Vegetation classification on the vegetation vertical zone spectrum is fundamental for the studies of vegetation migration along elevation.However,vegetation classification in vegetation vertical zone spectrum of evergreen broad-leaved forest is always a challenge for remote sensing classification.Therefore,this research aims to accurately classify and monitor the vegetation communities in vegetation vertical zone spectrum of Wuyishan National Park through the improvement of classification methods based on Landsat imagery.We use the method of principal component analysis to extract the main bands that affect the classification;then merge the band data and DEM data of different seasons,and use supervised classification method to classify according to the results.In addition,we also explorer the dominant factors besides temperature which influence vegetation change during the study period.The results show that the method using the data of principal component analysis to classify the types of mountain vegetation,improves the classification accuracy for the meadow,bamboo,coniferous forest,mixed forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest.The overall classification accuracy is 0.93,and the Kappa coefficient is 0.91.From 1986 to 2018,due to the influence of climate warming,the area of mixed forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest increased and the area of coniferous forest and subalpine meadow decreased.Upshifting of vegetation communities is influenced a lot by climate change,especially for mixed forest in Wuyishan National Park.The method provides theoretical basis for the study of the vegetation communities in vegetation vertical zone spectrum of Wuyishan National Park region.

关 键 词：Landsat影像 植被垂直带谱 气候变化 植被群落迁移 亚热带常绿阔叶林 武夷山国家公园 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] Q148[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]