小相岭山系血雉与红腹角雉的时空生态位分化  

Spatial and Temporal Niche Differentiation of Ithaginis cruentus and Tragopan temminckii in the Xiaoxiangling Mountains

作　　者：王芃 周恩华 张勘 王大勇 李艳红[1] 胡杰[1] WANG Peng;ZHOU Enhua;ZHANG Kan;WANG Dayong;LI Yanhong;HU Jie(Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education),College of Life Sciences,China West Normal University,Nanchong,Sichuan Province 637009,China;Sichuan liziping National Nature Reserve Administration,Shimian,Sichuan Province 625400,China;Sichuan Yele Nature Reserve Management 0ffice,Mianning,Sichuan Province 615600,China)

机构地区：[1]西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室,西华师范大学生命科学学院,四川南充637009 [2]四川栗子坪国家级自然保护区管理局,四川石棉625400 [3]四川冶勒自然保护区管理处,四川冕宁615600

出　　处：《四川动物》2022年第4期416-424,共9页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ209600106)。

摘　　要：生态位分化是同域分布近缘物种实现长期稳定共存的基础。2018-2020年利用红外相机技术对小相岭山系四川栗子坪国家级自然保护区和四川冶勒自然保护区内的2种近缘物种--血雉Ithaginis cruentus和红腹角雉Tragopan temminckii进行了野外调查。共计86个有效相机位点,累计工作日19 982 d。获得血雉独立事件386次、红腹角雉180次。基于核密度函数绘制了2种雉类全年及季节日活动节律曲线,使用Wilcoxon秩和检验和Pearson卡方检验对海拔和植被利用情况进行比较。结果表明:(1)血雉与红腹角雉均为小相岭山系优势雉类;(2)二者均为典型的日行性雉类,血雉年活动曲线为单峰型,活动高峰在08∶00-10∶00,红腹角雉的则为双峰型:08∶00-10∶00和18∶00-19∶00;(3)繁殖季和非繁殖季血雉的分布海拔均显著高于红腹角雉;(4)血雉在繁殖季对高山灌丛利用较多,非繁殖季则多活动于针阔混交林,红腹角雉在这2个季节的植被类型利用差异不明显。研究结果为探索血雉和红腹角雉的同域共存机制提供了基础资料。Niche differentiation is the basis of long-term stable coexistence of sympatric related species. From 2018 to 2020,2 related species,Ithaginis cruentus and Tragopan temminckii were investigated by camera-trapping method in the Liziping National Nature Reserve and the Yele Nature Reserve of Xiaoxiangling Mountains. A total of 86 valid camera stations with 19 982 accumulated camera-days were obtained. The independent detections of I. cruentus were 386,while the independent detections of T. temminckii was 180. Based on the Kernel density estimation,the daily activity rhythm curves of the 2 species were plotted. Wilcoxon test and Pearson’s chi-squared test were used to analyze the utilization of altitude and vegetation. The results showed that both species are the dominant pheasants and typical diurnal species. The daily activity rhythm curve of I. cruentus is unimodal,and the activity peak is 08∶00-10∶00. By contrast,T. temminckii showed a bimodal pattern with 2 peaks at 08∶00-10∶00 and 18∶00-19∶00. The elevational distribution of I. cruentus was significantly higher than that of T. temminckii in both breeding season and non-breeding season. I. cruentus preferred alpine scrub in breeding season but conifer-broadleaf forest in non-breeding season. No significant difference of preferred vegetation type was found in T. temminckii between the 2 seasons. This study provides basic data for exploring the sympatric coexistence mechanism of I. cruentus and T. temminckii.

关 键 词：血雉 红腹角雉 红外相机技术 小相岭山系 生态位分化 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学]