基于耗水和光合特性的微孔陶瓷根灌温室番茄增产机理研究  

Study on Yield Increasing Mechanism of Greenhouse Tomato Under Subsurface Irrigation with Ceramic Emitters Based on Water Consumption and Photosynthetic Characteristics

作　　者：姚圣俞 张林[2] YAO Sheng-yu;ZHANG Lin(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering of China,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2022年第7期7-14,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52079131)。

摘　　要：研究作物耗水和光合特性有助于了解其增产机理,制定合理的灌溉策略。以温室番茄为研究对象,布置了0.15(S1)、0.19(S2)、0.23(S3)、0.26(S4)和0.30(S5)L/h 5个微孔陶瓷灌水器设计流量处理,并以地下滴灌(CK)为对照,研究其对土壤含水率、番茄耗水特性、光合特性、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,与地下滴灌干湿交替的土壤水分环境相比,微孔陶瓷根灌能够保持土壤水分相对稳定,且土壤含水率随灌水器设计流量的增加而增大。番茄耗水量、耗水强度与灌水器设计流量呈正相关关系,在耗水量相同的情况下,微孔陶瓷根灌稳定的土壤水分环境相较于地下滴灌能够使番茄避免充分耗水和受到严重的水分胁迫抑制。陶瓷灌水器设计流量过小或过大都不利于番茄光合作用和产量,表现最佳的S4处理各生育期净光合速率较CK处理分别高1.1%~8.6%(春夏茬)和2.3%~8.4%(秋冬茬),微孔陶瓷根灌使番茄叶片生理活动更加活跃,促进了产量和水分利用效率的提高,S4处理两季番茄产量较CK处理分别增产8.4%(春夏茬)和9.1%(秋冬茬)。因此,番茄微孔陶瓷根灌时,选择设计流量为0.26 L/h微孔陶瓷灌水器有利于番茄获得较高的产量。Studying water consumption and photosynthetic characteristics of greenhouse tomato under subsurface irrigation with ceramic emitters is helpful to understand its yield increase mechanism and establish reasonable water management strategy.In this study,greenhouse tomato was selected as research object,5 different design flow rate treatments of microporous ceramic irrigators,including 0.15(S1),0.19(S2),0.23(S3),0.26(S4)and 0.30(S5)L/h,and subsurface drip irrigation(CK)as control treatment were set up to study their effects on soil moisture content,water consumption characteristics,photosynthetic characteristics,yield and water use efficiency of greenhouse tomato.The results showed that the subsurface irrigation with ceramic emitters could keep the soil moisture relatively stable compared with subsurface drip irrigation,and the soil moisture content increased with the increase of the design flow rate of the irrigator.There was a positive correlation between the water consumption of tomato and the design flow of the irrigator.Under the same water consumption,the stable soil water environment of subsurface irrigation with ceramic emitters could avoid sufficient water consumption and severe water stress inhibition compared with subsurface drip irrigation.Too small or too large design flow rate of ceramic irrigator was not conducive to tomato photosynthesis and yield.The net photosynthetic rate of S4 in each growth period was 1.1%~8.6%(spring cultivation)and 2.3%~8.4%(autumn cultivation)higher than that of CK.Subsurface irrigation with ceramic emitters made the physiological activities of tomato leaves more active,and promoted the increase of yield and water use efficiency.Compared with CK,the yield of S4 was increased by 8.4%(spring and summer)and 9.1%(autumn and winter),respectively.Therefore,when tomato subsurface irrigation with ceramic emitters was performed,the design flow rate of 0.26 L/h was beneficial to obtain higher yield of greenhouse tomato.

关 键 词：微孔陶瓷根灌 温室番茄 设计流量 土壤含水率 耗水特性 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程] S641.2[农业科学—农业工程]