淮北平原典型地区天然降雨农田磷流失规律研究  

Study on Phosphorus Loss Law of Natural Rainfall Farmland in Typical Areas of Huaibei Plain

作　　者：杨继伟 李如忠[2] 张辉 曹秀清 袁宏伟 王矿 YANG Ji-wei;LI Ru-zhong;ZHANG Hui;CAO Xiu-qing;YANG Hong-wei;WANG Kuang(Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources of Anhui Province,Water Resources Research Institute of Anhui Province and Huaihe River Commission,Ministry of Water Resources,Hefei 230088,China;School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China;Xiaoxian County Irrigation Experimental station of Anhui Province,Suzhou 235200,Anhui Province,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省水利部淮河水利委员会水利科学研究院(水利水资源安徽省重点实验室),合肥230088 [2]合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院,合肥230009 [3]萧县水利局岱西灌溉试验站,安徽宿州235200

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2022年第7期65-70,78,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1508306);国家自然科学基金项目(51579061)。

摘　　要：降雨径流是引起旱作物农田养分流失的关键因素,研究其排水中磷的流失规律对农业管理和水环境保护具有重要意义。基于天然降雨过程开展淮北地区农田原位排水试验,分析了降雨-产流机制、用地类型对磷流失的影响以及磷输出的动态变化特征。结果表明:前期土壤含水率和降雨强度是影响产流的主要因素,当砂姜黑土耕层土壤体积含水率达39%后,持续强降雨易发生超渗产流现象,且降雨强度越大径流强度越大;降雨径流是农田磷输出的载体和动力,不同用地类型磷的输出浓度和形态有所差异,其浓度大小为菜地>夏玉米>春花生>绿化地,农田的PP/TP值(58.94%)高于绿化地的PP/TP值(44.61%);不同时段径流排水中磷的浓度、形态和污染负荷差异较大,雨强越大输出浓度和负荷越高,TP的变化范围为0.52~1.14 mg/L,累计输出量为26.61 kg/hm^(2);通过相关性和回归分析,分别建立了累计径流深与累计降雨量(R^(2)=0.9646)、磷累计输出负荷(R^(2)=0.9975)等参数之间的函数关系。成果可为该地区降雨-产流机制研究、农田磷输出负荷估算和农田磷素管理提供理论依据。Rainfall runoff is the key factor causing nutrient loss from drylands,and it is of great significance to understand the characteristics of phosphorus loss in drainage for agricultural management and water environment protection.Based on the natural rainfall process,in-situ drainage experiments of farmland in Huaibei area were carried out,the rainfall-runoff mechanism,the effect of land use type on the phosphorus emission,and the dynamic characteristics of phosphorus output were analyzed.The results showed that the soil moisture content and rainfall intensity were the main factors affecting runoff.When the soil volume moisture content of the lime concrete black soil plough layer reached 39%,the excess-infiltration runoff frequently occurred with continuous heavy rainfall,and the runoff intensity increased with the increase of rainfall intensity.Runoff was the carrier and driver of phosphorus output from farmland.The concentration and form of phosphorus output were different among different land use types,i.e.,vegetable,summer maize,spring peanut,green plot in descending order of concentration.The PP/TP value of farmland was 58.94%higher than that of green plot(44.61%).The concentration,form and pollution load of phosphorus in runoff drainage varied greatly in different periods,and the output concentration and pollution load increased with the increase of rainfall intensity.The TP varied from 0.52 to 1.14 mg/L,and the cumulative output was 26.61 kg/hm2.Through correlation and regression analysis,the empirical functions between accumulated runoff depth and accumulated rainfall(R^(2)=0.9646)and phosphorus output load(R^(2)=0.9975)were established,respectively.The results can provide a theoretical basis for the study of rainfall-runoff mechanism,the estimation of farmland phosphorus output load and farmland phosphorus management in this area.

关 键 词：淮北地区 天然降雨 农田排水 磷 流失负荷 用地类型 超渗产流 

分 类 号：S146.2[农业科学—肥料学]