不同处理方式对沙丘-草甸草地植被和土壤特征的影响  

Effects of Different Treatments on Vegetation andSoil Characteristics of Dune-meadow Grassland

作　　者：王志婷 刘廷玺[1,2,3] 童新 段利民[1,2,3] 郝丽娜 李东方[1,2] 王冠丽 WANG Zhi-ting;LIU Ting-xi;TONG Xin;DUAN Li-min;HAO Li-na;LI Dong-fang;WANG Guan-li(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization,Hohhot 010018,China;Autonomous Region Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Management of Water Resources and Water Environment in the Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Yellow River,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古自治区水资源保护与利用重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [3]黄河流域内蒙古段水资源与水环境综合治理自治区协同创新中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2022年第7期43-52,共10页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51620105003、51809141、51769020、52169002、52109022、51669017);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2018ZD05、2018BS05001);教育部创新团队发展计划(IRT_17R60);科技部重点领域科技创新团队(2015RA4013);内蒙古农业大学高层次人才科研启动金项目(NDYB2017-24);内蒙古自治区草原英才产业创新创业人才团队(2012);内蒙古农业大学寒旱区水资源利用创新团队(NDTD2010-6)资助。

摘　　要：以科尔沁草甸草地、沙丘-草甸过渡带草地和沙丘草地为研究区,研究围封禁牧(UNM)、禁牧+割草(M)、禁牧+火烧(F)和围栏外放牧(G)4种处理方式对植被数量特征(高度、盖度、地上生物量)、群落多样性(丰富度指数、多样性指数、优势度指数和均匀度指数)特征以及土壤电导率(ESC)、有机碳(SOC)和土壤酶(蔗糖酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶)活性等土壤指标的影响,以确定沙丘-草甸草地的最佳管理方式,为我国半干旱地区草地可持续发展提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)土壤各特征指标均随着土层深度的增加而降低,具有表聚性。(2)沙丘-草甸草地F、M和G处理较UNM处理植被群落多样性特征均增加。(3)沙丘-草甸草地M、F和G处理较UNM处理植被和土壤特征指标差异明显;F处理植被数量特征和土壤特征指标增加,G处理降低,M处理草甸草地植被数量特征和土壤酶活性降低,而沙丘-草甸过渡带草地和沙丘草地均增加。综上所述,控制性火烧是沙丘-草甸草地的最佳管理方式。The effects of enclosure(UNM),enclusure+mowing(M),enclusure+burning(F),and grazing outside the fence(G)on the quantitative vegetation characteristics(vegetation height,coverage,aboveground biomass),community diversity(richness index,diversity index,dominance index,and evenness index),soil electrical conductivity(ESC),organic carbon(SOC),and soil enzyme(sucrase,urease,and alkaline phosphatase)activities were explored in this study.The present research also clarified the optimum management of dune-meadow grassland,providing a scientific basis for grassland's sustainable development in our country's semi-arid regions.The results showed that:(1)All soil characteristic indexes decreased with the increase of soil depth,showing surface accumulation.(2)The diversity of vegetation community in dune-meadow grassland was increased in the F,M,and G treatments compared with that of UNM treatment.(3)There were significant differences in the vegetation and soil characteristics of the dune-meadow grassland in M,F,and G treatments compared with the UNM treatment.The F treatment increased the number of vegetation characteristics and soil characteristics,while the G treatment had the opposite effect.The M treatment decreased the quantitative vegetation characteristics in the meadow and increased those in the dune-meadow transitional zone and the dune-grassland.In conclusion,controlled burning is the best method for dune-meadow grassland.

关 键 词：不同草地 草地处理方式 植被特征 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]