平衡施肥对沧州地区苜蓿生长及土壤养分变化的影响  

Effects of Balanced Fertilization on Alfalfa Growth andSoil Nutrient Changes in the Cangzhou Area

作　　者：刘青松 贾艳丽 肖宇[1] 徐玉鹏[1] 赵忠祥[1] 岳明强[1] 王秀领[1] 刘振敏[1] 阎旭东[1] LIU Qing-song;JIA Yan-li;XIAO Yu;XU Yu-peng;ZHAO Zhong-xiang;YUE Ming-qiang;WANG Xiu-ling;LIU Zhen-min;YAN Xu-dong(Cangzhou Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science,Cangzhou 061100,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省沧州市农林科学院,河北沧州061001

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2022年第7期70-78,共9页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：“河北省现代农业产业技术体系草业创新团队栽培与信息化管理技术岗位牧草栽培技术研究”(HBCT2018160202);“河北省主要优质饲草水肥耦合增产安全生产关键技术研究”(19226437D);“苜蓿种质资源评价与创新研究”(192201002);“抗旱、耐盐、优质、丰产型苜蓿品种选育”(2001026)。

摘　　要：为进一步揭示河北沧州地区苜蓿需肥规律,提高苜蓿的产草量和品质,为苜蓿生产提供施肥指导。2014~2019年,在河北省沧州市农林科学院前营试验站采用“3414”施肥方案设计,研究了不同施肥处理下苜蓿干草产量、营养品质及0~20cm土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的含量变化规律。结果表明,不同施肥处理对苜蓿产草量和营养品质影响差异较大,其中N2P2K3处理产草量和品质均表现最佳,5年总产草量达到91.77t/hm^(2),5年平均粗蛋白含量和相对饲喂价值分别达到17.42%和140.92。在收获高产优质苜蓿的条件下,氮、磷、钾3种肥料的重要程度分别为钾肥>磷肥>氮肥,明确了钾肥的重要性。同时结合不同施肥处理下0~20cm土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的变化,推荐河北沧州地区中等肥力(全氮0.1%~0.2%,碱解氮60~120mg/kg,有效磷10~20mg/kg,速效钾100~200mg/kg)苜蓿土壤地块最佳施肥量为N 5kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)60kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O270kg/hm^(2)。This study aimed to reveal the fertilizer requirement pattern of alfalfa in the Cangzhou area of Hebei province,improve the yield and quality of alfalfa,and provide technical guidance for alfalfa production.The present research explored the effects of different fertilizers on alfalfa hay yield,quality,and the changes in soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen(N),available phosphorus(P),and available potassium(K)in 0~20 cm soil layer from^(2)014 to 2019 by using the“3414”fertilization program.The results showed that different fertilizer treatments could affect alfalfa’s yield and nutritional quality,in which N2P2K3 treatment had the optimum effect on yield and quality,with a five-year total yield,average protein,and relative feeding value(RFV)of 91.77t/hm^(2),17.42%and 140.92,respectively.Moreover,K had the most contribution among the three fertilizers to get high-yield and high-quality alfalfa,followed by P and N.According to the changes in soil alkaline hydrolyzable N,available P,and available K in 0~20 cm soil layer under different fertilizer treatments,the recommended moderate fertilization in the Cangzhou area was the following combination:0.1%~0.2%total nitrogen,60~120mg/kg alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen,10~20mg/kg available phosphorus,and 100~200mg/kg available potassium.The optimum fertilizer combination for the alfalfa planting site was 5kg/hm^(2) N,60kg/hm^(2) P_(2)O_(5),and 270kg/hm^(2) K_(2)O.

关 键 词：施肥 苜蓿 产量 品质 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S541.1[农业科学—作物学]