退化草地杂草生态影响及蔓延机制研究进展  

Research Progress on the Ecological Impact andSpreading Mechanism of Weeds on Degraded Grassland

作　　者：聂华月 高吉喜 NIE Hua-yue;GAO Ji-xi(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200082,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100020,China;Ministry of Ecology and Environment Center for Satellite Application on Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200082 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100020 [3]生态环境部卫星环境应用中心,北京100094

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2022年第7期101-113,共13页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“区域生态安全评估与预警技术”(2017YFC0506600)。

摘　　要：综述了国内外草地杂草的研究进展,认为杂草可影响物种多样性、制约畜牧业经济发展、改变土壤性质和影响群落稳定;总结了杂草在退化草地蔓延的机制:在轻度退化草地,杂草的出现是基于过度放牧、牲畜避食背景下,借助化感作用抑制其他植物的生长或者通过较强的生存竞争能力占据充足的生存空间和营养资源;在环境恶劣的退化草地,杂草基于特殊的繁殖方式或者生理结构,以及较强的适应能力繁殖蔓延。在此基础上,提出了杂草合理利用和防治的对策建议:威胁畜牧业的杂草采取多种措施协调防治;对危害不大的杂草,应尽可能的“变害为利,变废为宝”,即全面认识杂草,与杂草科学共处。To clarify the impact of weeds on the grassland ecosystem and the spreading mechanism of degraded grasslands,and to provide references for restoration of degraded grasslands,this paper summarized the research progress of weeds in grassland at home and abroad.It was considered that weeds could affect species diversity,restrict the economic development of animal husbandry,change soil properties and affect the stability of grassland communities.Meanwhile,this paper summarized the spreading mechanism of weeds in degraded grassland:In the lightly degraded grassland,weeds appeared under the background of overgrazing and livestock avoidance,inhibited the growth of other vegetation through allelopathy or occupying sufficient living space and nutrient resources through strong survival competitiveness;In severely degraded grassland,weeds reproduced and spread based on special reproduction mode or physiological structure and strong adaptability.Based on this,we put forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the rational utilization and control of weeds:for weeds threatening animal husbandry,we should take a variety of measures to coordinate the control;for weeds with little harm,it is necessary to“turn harm into benefit and waste into treasure”,that is,comprehensively understand weeds and scientifically coexist with weeds.

关 键 词：草原退化 草地 杂草 毒草 化感作用 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]