论《诗经》“君子”称谓的时代内涵及价值  

On the Connotation of the Appellation "Gentleman" in The Book of Songs and Its Life Consciousness and Lyrical Function

作　　者：钱志熙[1] Qian Zhixi

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,北京100871

出　　处：《中国高校社会科学》2022年第4期86-99,159,共15页Social Sciences in Chinese Higher Education Institutions

摘　　要：“君子”是中国古代重要的人伦范畴。《诗经》大量使用君子称谓的本义,主要是身份的称呼,但也含有比较明显的人伦美称意味,并奠定了后来《左传》《论语》中的“君子论”。君子称谓在使用的对象上,经历了一个从国君、大夫到士庶人推广的过程。君子一词用于普通的士庶人称呼,最初具有僭越性。《国风》中大量表现男女之情的诗中的君子,相当于后世的“郎“”良人”的意思,其称呼中的道德意识相对淡薄,而世俗生活的情感意味则十分突出。以《毛诗》为代表的汉儒解诗系统与后世各个解诗系统,在对君子的内涵与对象认定上显示出较大的差异,如《毛诗》立足于身份、道德的意义,对《国风》中许多原本只是世俗美称的君子,多朝道德君子方向解释。以君子为代表的《国风》中大量称谓词的使用,是《诗经》时代世俗理性生命观确立的标志之一。“君子”“郎“”欢”等美称、爱称的频繁使用,也反映了民间歌曲的一种诗学体性。The Book of Songs often refers to its original meaning in a laudatory sense to some degree,laying the foundation for the"gentleman theory"in later Zuo Tradition and The Analects.The appellation"gentleman"applies to from kings and aristocratic men initially and then to ordinary people later.From the Han Dynasty Confucian poetic interpretation represented by Mao’s Annotation to Book of Song,to various interpretation methods of later generations,there are great disagreements in the connotation of the word"gentleman".The multiple uses of appellations represented by"gentleman"in"Airs of the States"is one of the signs of the establishment of the secularly rational view of life in the era of"Book of Songs".

关 键 词：《诗经》 君子 身份称谓 人伦美称 解诗系统 

分 类 号：I207.222[文学—中国文学]