封育对兰州北部荒漠化草原植被构成及物种多样性的影响  

Effect of Enclosure on Vegetation Composition and Species Diversity of Desertification Steppe in Northern Lanzhou

作　　者：于潇 刘金银 于应文[2] YU Xiao;LIU Jinyin;YU Yingwen(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期672-678,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72033009)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究长期封育下短花针茅荒漠化草原植物群落结构和物种多样性变化规律及演变特征。【方法】以兰州北部2种地形(平地和坡地)的长期封育和放牧(对照)短花针茅荒漠化草原为对象,对其物种构成和重要值、群落和优势种群特征及物种多样性进行调查。【结果】荒漠化草原主要由多年生草本构成,封育群落优势种和亚优势种分别为短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)和红砂(Reaumuria soongorica),对照群落优势种和亚优势种则分别为红砂和短花针茅。封育可提高草层高度、盖度和生物量及植物物种多样性,促进优势植物(短花针茅和红砂)及多年生草本生长,降低1~2年生草本和灌木比例,并使短花针茅植株老龄化。短花针茅对封育的响应较红砂敏感,坡地对多年生草本生长和植物物种多样性维持的正效应优于平地。【结论】封育通过改变植物物种构成和群落特征来恢复植被,使短花针茅荒漠化草原向草原发展。[Purpose]To explore the change pattern and its evolution characteristics of plant community structure and species diversity in Stipa breviflora desertification steppe under long-term enclosure.[Method]The plant species composition and importance value,characteristics of community and dominant population,plant species diversity were measured in S.breviflora desertification steppe,which under two terrains(flat and slope)in northern Lanzhou.[Results]The desertification steppe was mainly composed of perennial herbs,the dominant and subdominant species were S.breviflora and Reaumuria soongorica for enclosure plots,while they were respectively R.soongorica and S.breviflora for the control(grazing plots).Enclosure increased the sward height,coverage,biomass and plant species diversity,encouraging the growth of dominant plants(S.breviflora and R.soongorica)and perennial herbs,reducing the ratio of therophyte and shrubs,and promoting the cluster aging of S.breviflora.The response to enclosure of S.breviflora was more sensitive than that of R.soongorosa,the positive effects of slope on growth of perennial herbs and the maintenance of plant species diversity were better than that of flat land.[Conclusion]Enclosure restores the vegetation by changing plant species composition and community characteristics,which will encourage the de-velopment of S.breviflora desertification steppe into steppe.

关 键 词：封育 短花针茅 植被构成 生物量 株丛大小 物种多样性 

分 类 号：S812.29[农业科学—草业科学]