3种放线菌剂对黄瓜根结线虫病的防治效果  

Effect of three actinomycetes on cucumber root-knot nematode disease

作　　者：李许真 杨晓沛 苑鑫 陈书霞[1] LI Xuzhen;YANG Xiaopei;YUAN Xin;CHEN Shuxia(Shaanxi Vegetable Engineering Technology Research Center,College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院陕西省蔬菜工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第8期69-76,87,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：西北农林科技大学试验示范站(基地)科技创新与成果转化项目(TGZX2020-20);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021ZDL-NY03-04)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究施用3种放线菌剂对黄瓜根结线虫病的防治效果及其对黄瓜植株生长的影响,为利用生防菌剂防治根结线虫提供理论依据。【方法】以感病的华北生态型黄瓜9930为试验材料,将其播种于未接种放线菌剂的基质,及按1.5 g/L分别混合有密旋链霉菌(Act12)、微白黄链霉菌(T4)、娄彻氏链霉菌(D74)的基质,依次用Mi、Act12+Mi、T4+Mi、D74+Mi表示,待黄瓜幼苗长至两叶一心时接种1500 mL^(-1)南方根结线虫卵悬浮液2 mL。为了观察预先接种放线菌剂对根结线虫的防治效果,分别在幼苗接种根结线虫后30 d和58 d统计黄瓜的根结数和根结指数,测定茎粗、地上部和地下部鲜质量和全株鲜质量;在幼苗接种后30 d采用苏木精-伊红染色法制作石蜡切片,在显微镜下观察根结内的巨细胞。采用综合隶属函数值评价3种放线菌剂对南方根结线虫病的防治能力和黄瓜的促生能力。【结果】1)与仅接种线虫的处理Mi相比,Act12+Mi、T4+Mi、D74+Mi处理的黄瓜幼苗根结数分别显著降低了44.56%,39.26%和41.38%,T4+Mi、D74+Mi处理的根结指数也显著降低;T4+Mi处理的成株期黄瓜根结数和根结指数也显著低于Mi处理。石蜡切片结果表明,与Mi相比,3种放线菌剂显著抑制黄瓜幼苗根系巨细胞体积扩大,抑制效果依次为T4、D74、Act12。2)与不接种放线菌也不接种根结线虫的对照(CK)相比,接种T4和D74后,黄瓜幼苗地上和地下鲜质量显著增加,须根数也显著增多;接种Act12的黄瓜幼苗地下鲜质量显著增加。与Mi处理相比,T4+Mi处理的成株期黄瓜地上、地下鲜质量和全株鲜质量均显著升高,Act12+Mi和D74+Mi处理成株期的黄瓜地下鲜质量也明显增大。综上可知,接种T4对黄瓜生长具有较好的促生作用。3)隶属函数值法综合评价结果表明,T4的综合隶属函数值最大,其次是D74,Act12的最小。【结论】3种放线菌剂对黄瓜生长均具有促生作用,对黄【Objective】To put the theoretical basis on the biological control of actinomycetes to nematode,the effects of 3 actinomycetes on controlling root-knot nematode disease and growth promotion of cucumber were probed.【Method】The seeds of 9930 cultivar,which was susceptible to Meloidogyne incognita,was sown in the pots filled with the sterilized substrate,and the ones with 1.5 g/L Streptomyces pactum(Act12),Streptomyces albidoflavu(T4),Streptomyces rochei(D74),respectively.When the seedlings were at the stage of two fully expanded true leaves,2 mL egg suspensions of Meloidogyne incognita containing 1500 eggs mL_(-1)were inoculated in the substrates nearby the roots of seedlings,and these treatments were marked as Mi,Act12+Mi,T4+Mi,D74+Mi.The galls number and gall index were surveyed at 30 d and 58 d after inoculation of root-knot nematode,and the stem thickness,fresh weight of underground and aboveground and the total fresh weight of plant were measured;the size of giant cell was observed at 30 d after inoculation under a microscope by using hematoxylin-eosin staining to make paraffin sections of the galls.The comprehensive membership function was used to evaluate the effects of actinomycetes on controlling the disease of Meloidogyne incognita and the growth promotion of cucumber.【Result】1)Compared with that of treatment Mi,the galls number on the seedling roots of treatment Act12+Mi,T4+Mi and D74+Mi decreased significantly by 44.56%,39.26%and 41.38%,respectively.The gall indexes of T4+Mi and D74+Mi also decreased significantly.For the adult plants,the gall number and the gall index were also significantly lower of the treatment T4+Mi than that of Mi.The results of paraffin section showed that 3 actinomycetes significantly inhibited the expansion of giant cell in cucumber seedling roots comparing with that of Mi treatment.The inhibiting effects were T4,D74,and Act12 in order.2)Comparing with that of the control(CK)which was inoculated with neither actinomycete nor root-knot nematode,the underground fresh w

关 键 词：放线菌剂 南方根结线虫 防治效果 促生作用 黄瓜 

分 类 号：S436.421[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]