铁路旅客人身损害限额赔偿制度的重构——以《民法典》的实施为背景  

Reconstruction of Compensation System for Railway Passengers’Personal Injury Limits:With Implementation of“Civil Code”as the Background

作　　者：邹开亮[1] 陈西西 ZOU Kailiang;CHEN Xixi(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,East China Jiaotong University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]华东交通大学人文社会科学学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《宜宾学院学报》2022年第7期31-37,共7页Journal of Yibin University

基　　金：国家铁路局课题“铁路治理体系和治理能力现代化对策研究”(KF2020-008)。

摘　　要：铁路旅客人身损害限额赔偿制度事关我国铁路旅客的人身保障与铁路运输企业的健康发展,《民法典》的实施为重构铁路旅客人身损害限额赔偿制度提供了民事基本法的立法“接口”。重构铁路旅客人身损害限额赔偿制度,应以《民法典》为顶层设计,采取“特别法律+行政法规”的立法模式,明确“限额赔偿”的适用主体与适用范围;综合考虑我国立法教训以及域外立法经验,确定“责任限额”标准的动态调整机制;同时建立、健全铁路旅客人身保险制度及人身损害社会救助基金制度,以保障旅客人身损害赔偿请求权,平衡旅客与铁路运输企业之间的利益冲突。The personal damage limit compensation system for railway passengers is related to the personal protection of China’s railway passengers and the healthy development of railway transportation enterprises.The implementation of the“Civil Code”provides the legislative“interface”of the basic civil law for the reconstruction of the personal damage limit compensation system for railway passengers.Taking the“Civil Code”as the top-level design,the legislative model of“special laws+administrative regulations”is adopted to clarify the subject and scope of application of“limit compensation”;comprehensively consider the lessons of China’s legislation and the experience of foreign legislation,the“limit of liability”standard dynamic adjustment mechanism is determined;at the same time,the railway passenger personal insurance system and personal injury social assistance fund system are established and improved to protect the passenger’s right to claim compensation for personal injury and balance the conflict of interest between passengers and railway transportation companies.

关 键 词：铁路旅客 高度危险责任 人身损害 限额赔偿 

分 类 号：D923.8[政治法律—民商法学]