浙江地区不同养殖模式下大口黑鲈肌肉组织及生化组成特性分析  

Comparison on muscle morphology and biochemical composition of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)cultured under different modes in Zhejiang province

作　　者：关文志 许晓军 牛宝龙[1] 楼宝 GUAN Wenzhi;XU Xiaojun;NIU Baolong;LOU Bao(Institute of Hydrobiology,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院水生生物研究所,浙江杭州310021

出　　处：《水产科技情报》2022年第4期187-192,共6页Fisheries Science & Technology Information

基　　金：浙江省农业科学院水产学科建设项目经费;浙江省农业科学院地方科技合作项目(SY202011)。

摘　　要：为比较浙江地区水库和池塘不同养殖模式下大口黑鲈的形态特性及肌肉营养成分差异,采用形态学、组织学和生化分析的方法进行了研究。结果显示,水库养殖的鲈鱼体型较为瘦长,其内脏团质量(34.34 g)是池塘养殖鲈鱼内脏团质量(120.07 g)的0.29倍,其净质量/体质量(0.93)是池塘鲈鱼(0.87)的1.07倍。此外,水库养殖鲈鱼肌肉呈现丰富的结缔组织分布,肌纤维也相比池塘养殖鲈鱼更加细密;生化分析结果表明,水库养殖鲈鱼的粗蛋白质质量分数(18.49%)显著高于池塘鲈鱼(17.99%),其粗脂肪质量分数(1.68%)显著低于池塘鲈鱼(1.87%),二者都属于低脂鱼类;另外,在两个鲈鱼群体中共检测出17种氨基酸,除缬氨酸Val和天冬氨酸Asp外,有13种氨基酸在水库鲈鱼肌肉中的含量显著高于池塘鲈鱼(P<0.05),其余2种氨基酸(甘氨酸Gly和组氨酸His)则相反;脂肪酸分析结果表明,除脂肪酸C16∶1无显著差异外,7种脂肪酸C16∶0、C18∶0、C20∶0、C14∶1、C18∶2、C20∶4和C20∶5在水库鲈鱼肌肉中的含量显著高于池塘鲈鱼,7种脂肪酸C14∶0、C17∶0、C18∶1、C20∶1、C18∶3、C20∶2、C22∶6含量则相反;矿物质分析结果表明,水库鲈鱼肌肉中的K、Mg和Se含量显著高于池塘鲈鱼(P<0.05),而Na、Ca、P、Zn则相反。研究结果表明,水库养殖鲈鱼的营养价值总体上优于池塘养殖鲈鱼。This study was conducted to compare the morphology,muscle histology and biochemical compositor of large-mouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)cultured in reservoirs(LBR)and pond(LBP)in Zhejiang province.Morphological analysis showed that fishes in LBR group were thinner and longer than that of LBP,and its visceral mass weight(34.34 g)was 0.29 times that of LBP(120.07 g),and its net weight/body weight(0.93)was 1.07 times that of LBP(0.87).In addition,LBR had rich muscle connective tissue and finer muscle fibers than LBP.The crude protein content of LBR(18.49%)was significantly higher than that of LBP(17.99%),but its crude lipid content(1.68%)was significantly lower than that of LBP(1.87%),indicating that both of them belong to low-fat fish.Furthermore,17 amino acids were detected between the two groups,in which the contents of 13 amino acids were significantly higher in LBR and the con-tents of 2 amino acids(Gly and His)were significantly higher in LBP.Moreover,except for fatty acid C16∶1,the per-centages of 7 fatty acids(C16∶0,C18∶0,C20∶0,C14∶1,C18∶2,C20∶4 and C20∶5)were significantly higher in the muscle of LBR,and the percentages of other 7 fatty acids(C14∶0,C17∶0,C18∶1,C20∶1,C18∶3,C20∶2 and C22∶6)were significantly higher in LBP.The content of K,Mg and Se were significantly higher in the muscle of LBR,while the contents of Na,Ca,P and Zn were significantly higher in LBP.These results indicate that the reservoirs-cultured largemouth bass had higher nutritional and edible values than the pond-cultured ones,reasonable exploitation and utilization could increase the diversity of the existing superior largemouth bass population.

关 键 词：大口黑鲈 水库养殖 池塘养殖 养殖模式 肌肉营养成分 

分 类 号：S965.211[农业科学—水产养殖]