基于车载测试的轻型汽车排放特征  

Emission characteristics of light-duty vehicles based on portable emission measurement system(PEMS)

作　　者：陈婷 何潇 陈文倩 颜敏 徐光仪 郑轩 CHEN Ting;HE Xiao;CHEN Wenqian;YAN Min;XU Guangyi;ZHENG Xuan(College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering,Shenzhen University;Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences;Hebei Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学化学与环境工程学院 [2]深圳市环境科学研究院 [3]河北省环境科学研究院

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2022年第4期1033-1040,共8页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51978404)。

摘　　要：选择11辆轻型汽车作为研究对象,利用车载测试系统(portable emission measurement system,PEMS)研究了轻型汽车气态污染物排放和油耗特征。结果表明:轻型汽车一氧化碳(carbon monoxide,CO)、氮氧化物(nitrogen oxides,NO_(x))和总碳氢化合物(total hydrocarbons,THC)的排放因子分别为(910.4±822.6)、(58.0±48.3)和(21.6±16.1)mg/km,且其排放速率随发动机比功率-速度(vehicle specific power-velocity,VSP-v)增大而增加,冷启动期间CO、NO_(x)和THC的排放量占排放总量的11.2%±2.1%、3.7%±5.4%和52.7%±4.6%。轻型汽车瞬态油耗速率随VSP-v的增大而增加,车辆相对油耗在平均车速低于15 km/h时显著上升,车速在40 km/h以上时油耗随车速变化呈平稳的趋势。20℃时CO、NO_(x)和THC排放速率高于1℃时的排放速率;1℃的环境温度使油耗速率增加,尤其在车辆高速行驶时,1℃时其油耗速率比20℃时高27.1%±24.5%。The emission characteristics of gaseous pollutants and the fuel consumption from eleven gasoline lightduty gasoline cars were studied,using the portable emission measurement system(PEMS).The results showed that the emission factors of light-duty gasoline cars were(910.4±822.6)mg/km for carbon monoxide(CO),(58.0±48.3)mg/km for nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)),and(21.6±16.1)mg/km for total hydrocarbons(THC),respectively.The emission rates of CO,NO_(x),and THC increased with the increase of vehicle specific power-velocity(VSP-v),and the emissions in the cold start phase accounted for 11.2%±2.1%,3.7%±5.4%,and 52.7%±4.6%of the total CO,NO_(x),and THC mass,respectively.The transient fuel consumption rates of the light-duty gasoline cars increased with the increase of VSP-v.Vehicle relative fuel consumption increased significantly as the vehicle average speed was less than 15 km/h,and increased slightly as the vehicle average speed was over 40 km/h.The emission rates of CO,NO_(x),and THC at 20℃were higher than those at 1℃.Ambient temperature also dramatically influenced vehicle fuel consumption rate.Especially when the vehicle was running at high speed,the fuel consumption rate at 1℃was 27.1%±24.5%higher than that at 20℃.

关 键 词：轻型汽车 气态污染物 油耗 喷油方式 冷启动 行驶工况 环境温度 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]