栽植时期对新疆伊犁苹果幼树生长的影响  

Effect of planting dates on the growth of apple trees in Yili,Xinjiang

作　　者：周江涛 李壮[1] 赵德英[1] 康国栋[1] 程存刚[1] ZHOU Jiangtao;LI Zhuang;ZHAO Deying;KANG Guodong;CHENG Cungang(Research Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Fertilizers Efficient Utilization of Deciduous Fruit Tree,Xingcheng,Liaoning 125100)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院果树研究所,农业农村部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室,辽宁省落叶果树矿质营养与肥料高效利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城125100

出　　处：《中国果树》2022年第6期1-5,共5页China Fruits

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程;财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业(苹果)产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：为指导苹果栽植,以1年生秦脆/M26苹果苗为试材,研究了栽植时期对新疆伊犁苹果幼树成活率和生长的影响。结果表明:4月15—27日栽植的幼树成活率达97%,5月6日栽植的幼树成活率为92%。4月15日栽植的苹果幼树高度、中心干延长头长度、主干直径、主枝数量、长枝数量和植株生长量均最大。随着栽植时期的延后,植株主干直径和中心干延长头长度呈现逐渐变小的趋势;5月6日栽植的苹果幼树中心干延长头长度和主干直径最小;4月27日栽植的苹果植株春梢长度和枝条长度均最小。4月15日栽植的植株春梢停长期、秋梢生长期和秋梢停长期早于其他栽植时期,5月6日栽植的植株物候期最晚。聚类分析时将5个栽植时期分了2类,4月15日和4月22日为一类,因此,4月15—22日是伊犁春季栽植苹果的适宜时期。The effects of different planting dates on survival rate and growth of young apple tree were conducted in Yili,Xinjiang,aimed to determine the suitable planting date.One-year-old‘Qincui’apple/M26 were used as test materials.The results showed that the survival rate of nursery tree planted from April 15 to April 27 was 97%,while the survival rate of seedlings planted on May 6 was 92%.The young apple tree planted on April 15 had the highest plant height,length of extend branch of central leader,trunk diameter,number of main branches,number of long branches and plant growth.The length of extend branch of central leader and the trunk diameter of the central leader of apple tree showed a decreasing trend with the prolonging of planting date.The length of extend branch of central leader and the trunk diameter of young apple tree planted on May 6 were the smallest.The apple trees planted on April 27 had the smallest spring shoot length and average branch length.The spring shoot stop growing period,autumn shoot start growing period and autumn shoot stop growing period of apple trees planted on April 15 were earlier than other planting date.The phenological period of apple trees planted on May6 was the latest.The planting dates were divided into two categories by cluster analysis.April 15 and April 22 as one category.Therefore,April 15 to April 22 is a suitable planting date of apple tree in Yili region,Xinjiang.

关 键 词：新疆 伊犁 苹果 栽植时期 植株生长 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]