返回栈式加热炉在梨园中的应用效果试验  

Efficiency test of return stack heater in pear orchard

作　　者：蒋卉[1] 郭鹏 郭献平[1] 王东升[1] 吴中营[1] 李亚奇 JIANG Hui;GUO Peng;GUO Xianping;WANG Dongsheng;WU Zhongying;LI Yaqi(Horticulture Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002;College of Horticulture,Henan Agricultural University)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院园艺研究所,郑州450002 [2]河南农业大学园艺学院

出　　处：《中国果树》2022年第6期10-16,24,共8页China Fruits

基　　金：河南省中央引导地方科技发展专项(YDZX20214100003354);河南省农业科学院科技创新团队(2022TD23);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-28-39)。

摘　　要：随着全球气候变化加剧,暖冬和梨花果期提前导致低温灾害频繁发生,经济损失严重。通过测试加热炉效果,分析了低温时期加热炉对梨园环境因子的影响规律,总结了加热炉使用的注意事项与优缺点,为低温灾害防护及加热炉设备改进提供参考。结果表明:单炉使用时,随着时间的推移温度、湿度、水汽压和露点温度变化趋势符合Boltzaman分布,熄火后30 min左右与自然环境趋于一致;群炉4~6 m炉距摆放能达到联防效果,中心增温4.5~5.0℃,边缘增温2.0~3.5℃,群炉外围增温范围在12 m左右;加热炉的使用对梨树生长负面影响较小。在实际应用中,建议在梨园低温灾害中以4~6 m的距离摆放,根据需提温幅度调节火势大小,采用中小火间隔轮流燃烧的方式提升果园温度。应改进方法解决加热炉附近1 m内的梨树环境因子变化幅度过大、局部高温、干燥及热量辐射范围有限等问题。With the aggravation of global climate change,the warm winter and blossom seasons of pear are expected,which lead to frequent occurrence of low temperature disasters and serious economic losses.This study tested the effect of the heating furnace on environmental factors of pear orchard in low temperature period.The cautions and advantages and disadvantages of heating furnace are summarize.It provides reference for low temperature disaster prevention and heating furnace equipment improvement.The results show that when using a single furnace,the variation trend of temperature,humidity,water pressure and dew point temperature accords with Boltzaman distribution over time,and tends to be consistent with the natural environment about 30 min after flame out.When using group furnace 4~6 m distance can achieve joint prevention effect,the central temperature increase of 4.5~5.0℃,edge temperature increase of 2.0~3.5℃,group furnace periphery temperature increase range can reach about 12 m.The use of heating furnace has little negative effect on pear growth.In practical application,we recommended to place at a distance of 4~6 m in the low-temperature disaster of pear garden,and adjust the size of the fire according to the range of temperature increase.The temperature of the orchard was raised by alternate burning in small and spaced ignition combustion.However,the variation range of pear tree environmental factors within 1 m near the furnace is too large,and problems such as local high temperature,drying and limited radiation range need to be improved.

关 键 词：梨园 加热炉 温度 冻害 霜点 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]