关中平原不同土壤类型猕猴桃园根系空间分布特征  

Spatial distribution characteristics of kiwifruit roots in different soil types in Guanzhong Plain

作　　者：邹衡 谢永生[1,2] 骆汉[1,2] 陈东凯 盛玉章 李镇 ZOU Heng;XIE Yongsheng;LUO Han;CHEN Dongkai;SHENG Yuzhang;LI Zhen(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Ministry of Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所

出　　处：《中国果树》2022年第6期25-30,54,共7页China Fruits

基　　金：西安市科技计划项目(20NYSF0024)。

摘　　要：为了探明陕西省关中平原猕猴桃适生区的不同土壤类型(周至县斑斑黑油土、杨凌区红油土)猕猴桃园根系分布的情况,以期为猕猴桃园合理高效的生态调控措施提供科学依据。在周至县和杨凌区选取2个猕猴桃园(以下简称果园A和果园B),以8年生猕猴桃树为研究对象,采用根钻法,对不同径向距离(株间75 cm、行间30 cm、行间100 cm)的土壤剖面进行分层取样,对根长密度、根表面积密度和根系干质量密度进行测定,探究根系空间分布特征。结果表明,果园A尽管平均根长密度比果园B高81.7%,平均根表面积密度比果园B高54.2%,但是由于以细根为主,所以平均根系干质量密度比果园B低13.9%。果园A根系主要分布在距树干0~75 cm水平范围内的0~40 cm土层中,其中猕猴桃树定植带内(株间75 cm)根系最为密集;果园B根系主要分布在距树干0~75 cm水平范围内的0~60 cm土层中,以40~60 cm根系尤其是大根径根系最为密集。猕猴桃根系在红油土(果园B)的垂直分布范围比在斑斑黑油土(果园A)更深,水平分布范围则更窄,说明土壤类型对根系生长发育有一定程度的影响。根系在黏重土壤中的分布呈现出表层化、细根化的特征,是其为了提高水分和养分吸收能力的演化,尽管根系浅表化也会使根系面临更不稳定的土壤表层环境(温度、湿度等)的影响。采取适当的土壤生态环境调控措施,营造良好的根系生长环境,是猕猴桃园高效和丰产的关键。To investigate the root distribution of kiwifruit orchards in different soil types(spotted black soil in Zhouzhi County and red soil in Yangling District)in kiwifruit suitable growth area of Guanzhong Plain,Shaanxi Province,in order to provide scientific basis for reasonable and efficient ecological regulation measures of kiwifruit orchards.Two kiwifruit orchards(hereinafter referred to as orchard A and orchard B)were selected in Zhouzhi County and Yangling District.The eight-year-old kiwifruit trees were taken as the research object.The soil profiles with different radial distances(75 cm between plants,30 cm between rows and 100 cm between rows)were sampled by root drilling method,and the root length density,root surface area density and dry mass density were measured,explore the spatial distribution characteristics of roots.The average root length density of orchard a was 81.7%higher than that of orchard B,the average root surface area density was 54.2%higher than that of orchard B,and the average root dry mass density was 13.9%lower than that of orchard B.The root system of orchard A is mainly distributed in the 0~40 cm soil layer within 0~75 cm from the trunk,and the root system is the most dense in the fruit tree planting zone(75 cm between plants);Orchard B roots are mainly distributed in the0~60 cm deep soil layer within the horizontal range of 0~75 cm from the trunk,and the 40~60 cm roots,especially the large root diameter roots,are the most dense.The vertical distribution range of kiwifruit roots in red oil soil(orchard B)is deeper than that in spotted black oil soil(orchard A),and the horizontal distribution range is narrower,indicating that soil types have a certain impact on root growth and development.The distribution of roots in heavy clay soil shows the characteristics of surficialization and fine root,which is the evolution of its ability to improve water and nutrient absorption,though the superficial root will also make the roots under unstable soil surface environment influences(temperature,humi

关 键 词：猕猴桃园 根系分布 土壤类型 关中平原 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]