“后学院”语境下科学家角色分化及社会影响  

The Differentiation of Scientists'Role in the Era of Post-academic Science

作　　者：薛桂波 刘雪 Xue Guibo;Liu Xue(College of Marxism,Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学马克思主义学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《科技进步与对策》2022年第14期153-160,共8页Science & Technology Progress and Policy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17BZX042)。

摘　　要：在后学院科学时代,科学研究更加普遍地与产业界、政府部门相结合,科学种类和性质变得日益庞杂,原有的学院科学家角色逐渐发生分化,形成了学院科学家、产业科学家和政府科学家等多元角色并存及相互转化的发展态势。深入探讨“后学院”语境下科学家角色分化趋势、动因及社会影响,有助于更好地理解新兴技术时代科技与社会的深度互动,为进一步优化科技治理、推进创新体系建设提供理论参考。As a specialized and professional social role,scientists gradually appeared with the birth of modern science,and became mature and stable in the late 19th century.Scientists have not only made outstanding contributions to the promotion of knowledge and the dissemination of science,but also benefited the society with knowledge,and greatly promoted the development of human society.Since the middle and late 20th century,with the acceleration of the process of science and technology socialization,new trends and characteristics have emerged in the evolution of scientists'professional roles.Academic scientists have continuously differentiated into industrial and government departments,forming a general situation of coexistence and mutual transformation of multiple roles such as academic scientists,industry scientists and government scientists,which has greatly promoted the integration of industry,university and research and has improved the level of S&T innovation and social benefits.Based on the overall trend of the evolution of scientists'roles,the roles of scientists in the post-academic science era show a state of differentiation,transformation and intersection.This paper argues that further study of the trend,motivation and social impact of the role differentiation of scientists in the context of the post-academic science can help us better understand the deep interaction between science and technology and society in the new technology era and provide valuable theoretical reference for further optimizing scientific and technological governance and promoting the construction of innovation system.It is pointed out in the paper that academic scientists nor only carry out basic research,but also rapid applied research and apply for patents under the pressure of competition and efficiency;industry scientists are mainly application-driven,and they can also be regarded as pioneers in basic research;government scientists are mainly funded by the government to research on public goods,but with the increase of government fi

关 键 词：后学院科学 科学家角色分化 学院科学家 产业科学家 政府科学家 

分 类 号：G316[文化科学]