《民法典》中婚姻效力瑕疵的封闭性  

The Closure of Marriage Validity Defects in the Civil Code

作　　者：龙俊[1] Long Jun

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《社会科学辑刊》2022年第4期68-78,共11页Social Science Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(19BFX118)。

摘　　要：《民法典》婚姻家庭编中关于婚姻效力瑕疵的规定应该解释为具有封闭性。从法政策的视角看,欺诈行为只有在涉及婚姻实质时才会影响婚姻效力,而法定的涉及婚姻实质的欺诈只有隐瞒重大疾病这一种;重大误解不足以构成撤销婚姻的事由;采取虚伪表示不影响婚姻效力的立场,反而更加有助于减少假结婚、假离婚等行为,且有利于维护婚姻登记公信力,至于附带的经济损害则可以通过区分身份行为和财产行为的法律技术加以救济;除未达法定婚龄者外,其他人不纯因其行为能力欠缺而致婚姻效力受影响,否则相当于变相剥夺了弱势群体结婚的权利;《民法典(草案)》中曾规定“以伪造、变造、冒用证件等方式骗取婚姻登记”,是为了解决“被结婚”这种特殊的婚姻不成立问题。从教义学的视角看,结婚的意思可以分为实质结婚意思和形式结婚意思,在我国法中,二者只要具备其一,就符合“自愿结婚”的要求,可以成立有效的婚姻。The provisions on marriage validity defects in the Civil Code of Marriage and Family should be interpreted as being closed.From a legal policy standpoint,fraudulent conduct only affects the validity of marriage when it involves the substance of marriage,and the only statutory fraud involving the substance of marriage is the concealment of a serious illness.Substantive misunderstanding is not sufficient to constitute grounds for annulment of marriage.Adopting the position that a false expression of intent has no bearing on the validity of marriage will help to reduce false marriages,false divorces,and other similar behaviors.It also facilitates the maintenance of the marriage registration’s credibility,while the extrinsic economic damage can be remedied through the legal technique of distinguishing between identity and property acts.In addition to those who have not reached the legal age for marriage,others’marriage validity shall not be affected solely on the ground of their lack of capacity,as this would amount to depriving vulnerable groups of their right to marry.“Fraudulent registration of marriage by such means as forgery,alteration,fraudulent use of documents”was proposed in the Civil Code(Draft)as a solution to the problem of“being married”,a unique case of voidable marriage.From a dogmatic perspective,marriage intents can be divided into substantive and formal.As long as one of the two intents is satisfied,the“voluntary marriage”requirements can be met and a valid marriage established under the Chinese law.

关 键 词：婚姻效力瑕疵 封闭性 实质结婚意思 形式结婚意思 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]