泥炭、蛭石与稻田土混配基质对机插秧苗素质及栽插质量的影响  

Effects of Mixed Matrix of Peat,Vermiculite and Paddy Soil on the Quality of Machine-transplanted Seedlings and Transplanting Quality

作　　者：林阿典 徐强辉 杨锦标 傅友强[2] 王建涛 张佳敏 韩孟红 黄玉芬 LIN Adian;XU Qianghui;YANG Jinbiao;FU Youqiang;WANG Jiantao;ZHANG Jiamin;HAN Menghong;HUANG Yufen(Guangzhou Agricultural and Mechanization Extension Station,Guangzhou 510470,China;Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市农业机械化技术推广站,广州510470 [2]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所,广州510640 [3]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广州510640

出　　处：《中国稻米》2022年第4期90-94,共5页China Rice

基　　金：广州市科技局专项资金项目(GZKTP201903)。

摘　　要：以泥炭、蛭石和水稻土为原料混配成不同水稻育秧基质(CK,100%稻田土;T1,50%稻田土+50%泥炭;T2,50%稻田土+30%泥炭+20%蛭石;T3,25%稻田土+75%泥炭;T4,25%稻田土+50%泥炭+25%蛭石;T5,33.3%稻田土+33.3%泥炭+33.3%蛭石),研究不同基质的理化性状及其对水稻秧苗素质、机插质量和毯秧质量的影响,筛选适合广东本地化的育秧基质。结果表明,与CK相比,混配基质容重显著降低34.16%~57.25%,总孔隙度提高9.99%~15.82%,通气孔隙和持水孔隙明显改善;除T3外,混配基质均具有壮秧作用,以T4效果最好,株高、百株地上部干物质量、根系盘结力分别比CK提高了24.49%、31.79%和26.11%,T5次之;秧苗素质以T4、T5最好,成秧率、壮苗指数分别比CK显著提高了16.63%~17.91%和30.00%~36.57%,毯秧质量减轻了20.52%~22.43%;栽插质量以T4、T5最好,丛苗数是CK的1.31~1.34倍,漏秧率、漂秧率和伤秧率分别比CK降低了3.48%~3.97%、2.28%~2.46%、1.93%~2.69%。综上,在本试验条件下,T4和T5为较佳的育秧基质配方。Using peat,vermiculite and paddy soil as raw materials to mix different rice nursery substrates(CK,100%paddy soil;T1,50%paddy soil+50%peat;T2,50%paddy soil+30%peat+20%vermiculite;T3,25%paddy soil+75%peat;T4,25%paddy soil+50%peat+25%vermiculite;T5,33.3%paddy soil+33.3%peat+33.3%verniculte),the physicochemical properties of different nursery substrates and their effects on rice seedling quality,machine transplanting performance and blanket weight reduction were studied,and the suitable nursery substrates for rice seedling raising in Guangdong was screened out.The results showed that compared with CK,the mixed substrates significantly improved soil aeration pore and container capacity,decreased the bulk density by 34.16%-57.25%,and increased the total porosity by 9.99%-15.82%.Except for T3,the mixed substrates all had the effect of strengthening seedlings,and T4 had the best effect,followed by T5.The plant height,the dry matter mass of 100 plants,and the root binding capacity of T4 were increased by 24.49%,31.79%and 26.11%,respectively,compared with CK.The seedling quality of T4 and T5 was the best.The adult seedling rate and sound seedling index of T4 and T5 were significantly improved by 16.63%-17.91%and 30.00%-36.57%compared with CK,respectively,and the weight of the carpet seedlings was reduced by 20.52%-22.43%.The planting quality of T4 and T5 was the best,the number of seedlings per hill was 1.31-1.34 times that of CK,and the missing seedlings rate,floating seedlings rate and injured seedling rate were 3.48%-3.97%,2.28%-2.46%,and 1.93%-2.69%lower than those of CK,respectively.In conclusion,the better seedling nursery substrate of rice were T4 and T5 under the conditions of this experiment.

关 键 词：水稻 机插秧 育秧基质 秧苗素质 栽插质量 

分 类 号：S511.043[农业科学—作物学]