西藏康马县草地土壤纤毛虫多样性及其与环境因子的相关性分析  

Analysis of soil ciliate diversity and its relationship with environmental factors in Kangma County,Tibet

作　　者：朱时应 黄倩 王壮壮 贺凯 李天顺 普布 ZHU Shi-ying;HUANG Qian;WANG Zhuang-zhuang;HE Kai;LI Tian-shun;PU Bu(Plateau Zoology Laboratory,Department of Life Sciences,College of Science,Tibet University,Lasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏大学理学院生命科学系高原动物学实验室,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《环境生态学》2022年第7期55-61,共7页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：“一江四河”流域生物多样性调研与维持机制评价综合科学考察项目(藏财科教指〔2021〕1号和藏财教指〔2019〕01号);西藏大学研究生“高水平人才培养计划”项目资助(2020-GSP-S042)资助。

摘　　要：草地生态系统作为青藏高原重要组成部分,对于监测青藏高原环境变化具有重要意义。土壤原生动物对于草地生态系统环境质量动态变化具有重要指示作用,因此于2020年5月、8月和10月选取康马县草地4个典型的样地,采用土壤采集器利用梅花五点采样法,共收集到60个(3×4×5)土壤样品,带回实验室风干,用非淹没培养法和活体观察法培养和鉴定土壤纤毛虫。共鉴定到土壤纤毛虫119种,隶属于9纲19目43科59属。优势目为散毛目(Sporadotrichia)和前管目(Prorodontida)等,共计28种,占总物种数的23.5%;罕见目为异毛目(Hererotrichida)、小胸目(Micorothoracidae)和篮口目(Nassulida),共计3种,占总物种数的2.5%。C/P系数为秋季(0.57)>春季(0.48)>夏季(0.17),说明西藏康马县草地生态系统土壤环境良好。单因素方差显示各多样性指数(H′、E、C、M)在季节间均无显著性差异(p>0.05),4个样地的多样性指数(H′、E、C)春季呈现上升趋势,夏季和秋季整体上呈现先上升后下降趋势。土壤纤毛虫群落特征与环境因子的Pearson相关性结果显示,温度(ST)、土壤含水量(SWC)、pH与土壤纤毛虫多样性指数具有显著相关关系。研究结果可为西藏康马县草地生态系统土壤生物多样性和保护提供基础资料。Grassland ecosystem is an important part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.It is of great significance to monitor environmental changes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Soil protozoa plays an important role in indicating the dynamic changes of grassland ecosystem environmental quality.Therefore,this study selected four typical grassland sites in May,August and October 2020 in Kangma County.A total of 60 soil samples(3×4×5)were collected by the soil collector used the“plum blossom five-point sampling method”,and brought back to the laboratory for drying.Soil ciliates were cultured and identified by“non-submerged culture”and“in vivo observation”.A total of 119 species of soil ciliates were identified,belonging to 59 genera,43 families,19 orders and 9 classes.The dominant orders were Sporadotrichia and Prorodontida,with 28 species,accounting for 23.5% of the total species,the rare orders were Hererotrichida,Micorothoracidae and Nassulida,which had 3 species,accounting for 2.5% of the total species.The C/P coefficient was Autumn(0.57)>Spring(0.48)>Summer(0.17),the soil environment of grassland ecosystem was fine in Kangma County,Tibet.Univariate variance showed that the diversity indices(H′,E,C,M)showed no significant difference between seasons(p>0.05).The diversity indices(H′,E,C)of the four plots showed an upward trend in spring,and an upward trend and then a downward trend in summer and autumn.The results of Pearson correlation between soil ciliate community characteristics and environmental factors showed that temperature(ST),soil moisture content(SWC),pH were significantly correlated with soil ciliate community diversity indices.The results can provide basic information for soil biodiversity and conservation of grassland ecosystem in Kangma County,Tibet.

关 键 词：康马县 高寒草地 土壤纤毛虫 群落特征 理化因子 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学] S154.5[农业科学—畜牧学]