2万t重载组合列车中部机车车钩分离问题研究  

Study on Coupler Separation Problems of the Middle Locomotive of 20,000 t Heavy-Haul Combined Trains

作　　者：张志超 李谷 储高峰 韩乐 祖宏林 ZHANG Zhichao;LI Gu;CHU Gaofeng;HAN Le;ZU Honglin(Locomotive&Car Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司机车车辆研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2022年第4期121-128,共8页China Railway Science

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(N2019J003,N2021J027)。

摘　　要：综合运用解析几何、线路试验和数值计算等方法,研究2万t重载组合列车中部从控机车车钩分离问题。采用解析几何分析方法,得到多因素共同影响下的最大可能车钩高度差,进而判断发生车钩分离问题的可能性;通过试验分析不同列车运行工况下中部机车车钩高度差的变化规律,结合机车牵引杆布置方式,明确车钩分离问题的发生过程与产生原因;采用多边形接触方法,建立准确模拟连挂车钩钩头接触摩擦作用的动力学模型,仿真研究钩头间摩擦系数、机车牵引/电制动力等对车钩高度差的影响规律;通过车钩分离的机理分析,提出2万t重载组合列车中部机车车钩分离问题发生的关键要素。结果表明:车钩力“过零”状态、牵引杆斜向外置机车牵引/电制动力在车钩处的垂向分力、车钩抬升后大的拉钩力是车钩分离问题发生的3个要素,当它们同时出现时易发生跳钩并可能导致车钩分离。The coupler separation problem of the middle of slave control locomotive of 20,000 t heavy-haul combined train is investigated through analytic geometry,line test and numerical calculation methods.The maximum possible height difference of couplers under the combined effect of multiple factors is obtained by the analysis of analytic geometry to further judge the possibility of coupler separation.The variation laws of coupler height difference of the middle locomotive under different operation conditions are analyzed by tests,and the occurrence process and causes of coupler separation are clarified in combination with the arrangement mode of locomotive traction rod.The dynamic model is built up by using the polygon contact method to simulate the contact friction of the coupler-heads,and the influence laws of coupler height difference affected by factors such as,the friction coefficient between the coupler-heads,locomotive traction or electric brake forces,are studied through simulations.Through the mechanism analysis of coupler separation,the key factors for the coupler separation problem of the middle controlled locomotive of 20,000 t heavy-haul combined train are proposed.The results indicate that the three key factors for the coupler separation are the“zero-crossing”state of coupler force,the vertical component force of locomotive traction or electric brake force with the slanting and external traction rod at the coupler,and the large pulling force after the coupler uplift.The couplers are prone to creep or separate from each other when these three factors occur simultaneously.

关 键 词：重载组合列车 中部从控机车 车钩分离 车钩高度差 牵引杆布置方式 纵向车钩力 

分 类 号：U260.34[机械工程—车辆工程]