三峡库区支流小江回水区鱼类早期资源状况  

Status of Early Stage Fish Resources in the Backwater Area of Xiaojiang River in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

作　　者：胡莲[1] 姚金忠 杨志[1] 史方[1] 彭建华[1] 丁庆秋[1] 陈小娟[1] HU Lian;YAO Jin-zhong;YANG Zhi;SHI Fang;PENG Jian-hua;DING Qing-qiu;CHEN Xiao-juan(Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources,Institute of Hydroecology,Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hubei Engineering Research Center of Hydroecology Protection and Restoration,Wuhan 430079,P.R.China;Watershed Hub Operation Management Center,China Three Gorges Corporation,Yichang 443100,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,湖北省水生态保护与修复工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430079 [2]中国长江三峡集团有限公司流域枢纽运行管理中心,湖北宜昌443100

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2022年第4期78-84,共7页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51679153);三峡集团公司项目《三峡库区典型支流产黏沉性卵鱼类资源及自然繁殖现状调查》;财政项目《三峡水库重点支流水质监测站》。

摘　　要：研究三峡库区回水区江段鱼类早期资源状况,为鱼类资源保护提供科学依据。2019年3-6月在三峡水库支流小江回水区用2种网具开展鱼类早期资源调查,以了解该区域仔稚鱼的种类组成、仔稚鱼密度的时间动态,并分析其与环境因子的关系。调查共采集到仔稚鱼9 499尾,12种,以太湖新银鱼(Neosalanx taihuensis)、中华鳑鲏(Rhodeus sinensis)、子陵吻虾虎鱼(Rhinogobius giurinus)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)和鲫(Carassius auratus)仔稚鱼的数量较多;其中产黏沉性卵鱼类5种,产沉性卵鱼类4种,产漂流性卵鱼类2种,产浮性卵鱼类1种。4月下旬至6月上旬为仔稚鱼采集的高峰期,其中4月为鲤仔稚鱼密度出现的高峰期,4-5月上、中旬为鲫仔稚鱼密度出现的高峰期;底质类型、透明度和水温是影响所有种类、鲤和鲫仔稚鱼密度空间变动的最重要的因素。研究结果表明3-6月三峡水库水位的快速消落很可能是影响黏草产卵鱼类产卵孵化的关键影响因素,建议通过三峡水库的水位调度以及在库区支流回水区放置人工鱼巢来缓解该影响。In this study,we investigated early stage fish resources in the backwater of Xiaojiang River,focusing on species composition,temporal dynamics of larval and juvenile density and their relationship with environmental factors.The aim was to assess the status of early stage fish resources in Xiaojiang River and provide scientific evidence for fish resource protection in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.Samples were collected using scoop nets and trawls from March to June in 2019 and water quality parameters,including water temperature,dissolved oxygen,pH and transparency were measured synchronously.A total of 12 fish species from 11 genera,5 families and 4 orders were collected,and the number of Neosalanx taihuensis,Rhodeus sinensis,Rhinogobius giurinus,Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus larvae and juveniles were higher than for other species.The number of larvae and juveniles collected peaked from late April to early June,with C.carpio larvae and juveniles peaking in April and C.auratus larvae and juveniles peaking in early to middle April and May.Substrate type,transparency and water temperature were the most important factors associated with spatial variations in larval and juvenile densities of all species,especially C.carpio and C.auratus.Furthermore,the rapid decrease of water level in Three Gorges Reservoir from March to June is likely the key factor affecting spawning and hatching of fish that spawn sticky eggs on grasses.To alleviate the impact,we recommend regulating the water level of Three Gorges Reservoir and placing artificial nests in the backwater tributaries of Three Gorges Reservoir.

关 键 词：早期资源 底质类型 水温 生态调度 三峡水库 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]