耐高温纤维素降解菌对高温处理的动物尸体堆肥过程中氮素损失的影响  

Effect of adding high-temperature cellulose-degrading bacteria on nitrogen loss during high-temperature composting

作　　者：单亚静 吴坤坦 高健玮 杨旭晨 郑嵘[1] SHAN Yajing;WU Kuntan;GAO Jianwei;YANG Xuchen;ZHENG Rong(College of Animal Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学动物科学技术学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2022年第4期36-42,共7页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：湖北省技术创新专项重大项目(2017ABA137);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2021BBA082)。

摘　　要：为探究纤维素降解菌在堆肥腐熟中的应用效果,试验将高温处理后的畜禽尸体与秸秆混匀后,分为不添加菌剂的对照组和添加1%的耐高温纤维菌(Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius)的菌剂组,采用好氧静态通风的方式堆肥28 d,测定堆肥过程中的理化参数(温度、pH、含水率、铵态氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮、总碳和总氮)和氮素转化功能基因拷贝数的变化等氮素损失相关的指标。结果显示,菌剂组的铵态氮含量和亚硝态氮含量均显著高于对照组,但最终总氮含量菌剂组低于对照组。堆肥前期对照组的nirK拷贝数显著高于菌剂组,且与NH4+含量显著正相关;菌剂组的nirS拷贝数极显著高于对照组,且与NO_(3)^(-)含量极显著正相关。堆肥中期,对照组的narG拷贝数极显著高于菌剂组,且与NH4+含量相关性接近显著水平(P=0.064);堆肥后期,对照组的nosZ拷贝数极显著高于菌剂组。以上结果表明,耐高温纤维素降解菌主要通过氨氧化作用和反硝化作用在堆肥的前期来改变堆体的氮素循环,但也会促进反硝化作用导致氮素损失的增加。In order to explore the application effect of cellulose-degrading bacteria in compost decomposing,the experiment mixed the carcasses of livestock and poultry with straw after high temperature treatment,and divided them into the control group without adding bacterial agent and adding 1%high temperature resistant cellulose bacteria(Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius).The compost was composted by aerobic static ventilation for 28 days,and the physical and chemical parameters(temperature,pH,moisture content,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,total carbon and total nitrogen)and nitrogen conversion function during the composting process were determined.The results showed that the ammonium nitrogen content and nitrate nitrogen content of the bacterial agent group were significantly higher(P<0.05)than the control group,but the final total nitrogen content of the bacterial agent group was lower than the control group.The copy number of nirK in the control group in the pre-composting period was significantly higher than that in the inoculum group(P<0.05)and was significantly positively correlated with the content of NH4+(P<0.05);the copy number of nirS in the inoculum group was extremely significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01),and has a very significant positive correlation with NO_(3)^(-)content(P<0.01).In the middle stage of composting,the copy number of narG in the control group was significantly higher than that in the inoculum group(P<0.01),and the correlation with NH4+content was close to the significant level(P=0.064);in the late stage of composting,the copy number of nosZ in the control group was extremely significantly higher than bacterial agent group(P<0.01).The high temperature-resistant cellulose-degrading bacteria mainly change the nitrogen cycle of the compost through ammonia oxidation and denitrification in the early stage of composting,but also promotes denitrification and increases nitrogen loss.

关 键 词：畜禽尸体 高温处理 堆肥 氮素损失 纤维素降解菌 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]