鄂东地区稻田二熟制模式的生产力、温光资源利用和氮磷养分平衡比较  

Comparing the productivity,utilization of temperature and light resources and balance of nitrogen and phosphorus of the paddy field with double-cropping system in Eastern Hubei

作　　者：翁玉林 王高杰 夏方招 熊兴军 李兴华 李承力 胡荣桂[5] 杨特武[1] WENG Yulin;WANG Gaojie;XIA Fangzhao;XIONG Xingjun;LI Xinghua;LI Chengli;HU Ronggui;YANG Tewu(College of Plant Sciences and Technology/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Research Center for Rural Revitalization,Power China Kunming Engineering Co.,L td.,Kunming 650051,China;Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hubei Province,Huanggang 438000,China;Hubei Seed Group Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430206,China;College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]中国电建集团昆明勘察设计院有限公司乡村振兴研究中心,昆明650051 [3]湖北省黄冈市农业科学院,黄冈438000 [4]湖北省种子集团有限公司,武汉430206 [5]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2022年第4期193-201,共9页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项(2017YFD0800102);云南省科技与人才平台计划(202205AF150004)。

摘　　要：为了优化鄂东地区稻田耕作制度,挖掘作物周年生产潜力,提高作物生产效益和资源利用效率,通过连续4 a的定位试验,比较了油菜-玉米(oilseed rape-maize,O-M)、油菜-水稻(oilseed rape-rice,O-R)、油菜-节水抗旱稻(oilseed rape-water-saving and drought-resistant rice,O-WDR)、小麦-玉米(wheat-maize,W-M)、小麦-水稻(wheat-rice,W-R)、冬闲-双季稻(fallow-double season rice,F-DR)6种二熟制种植模式的周年生产力、生产效益、温光资源和氮磷利用以及土壤氮磷含量变化的差异。结果显示:周年经济产量以W-R模式最高,其次为O-R模式,而平均周年生产效益以O-R模式最高;氮利用率以O-R和W-R模式在鄂最高,磷利用率以O-R模式最高,温光资源利用效率则以F-DR模式最高。经过4轮复种后,O-R模式在鄂东地区具较高的丰产性和稳产性及良好的生产效益,并有利于维持农田土壤肥力和降低氮流失风险,具有替代传统双季稻模式的应用前景。Four consecutive years of fixed field experiment were conducted to compare the differences in annual productivity,economic benefits,resources of temperature and light,utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus,and content changes of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil among six patterns of double-cropping including oilseed rape-maize(O-M),oilseed rape-rice(O-R),oilseed rape-water-saving and drought-resistant rice(O-WDR),wheat-maize(W-M),wheat-rice(W-R),and fallow-double season rice(F-DR)to optimize the farming system,promote the annual production potential of crops,and improve efficiency of crop production and resource utilization in paddy field of Eastern Hubei.The results showed that the annual economic yield of W-R pattern was the highest,followed by O-R pattern.The average annual production benefit of O-R pattern was the highest.The highest uptake rate of N was found in O-R and W-R patterns.The uptake rate of P was found in O-M pattern.The highest utilization efficiencies of light and temperature resources were found in F-DR pattern.After 4-round of double-cropping,the nitrogen surplus was the highest and the nitrogen loss was the lowest in the soil of O-R pattern.The P surplus was the highest and P loss was the lowest in the soil of O-M pattern.The oilseed rape-rice plantation pattern had higher and stable productivity,good production benefit,and better maintenance of soil N fertility and lower N loss risk from farmland.The oilseed rape-rice plantation pattern has the application prospect of replacing the conventional F-DR pattern in Eastern Hubei.

关 键 词：复种 作物生产力 资源利用 土壤肥力 稻田耕作制度 氮磷养分 油稻复种 

分 类 号：S344.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]