近40年来福建省水稻土有效磷富集效应及潜在生态风险评估  

Enrichment and Ecological Risk Assessment of Available Phosphorus in Paddy Soil of Fujian Province Over Past 40 years

作　　者：陈中星 邱龙霞[1,2] 陈瀚阅 范协裕[1,2] 毋亭 沈金泉[3] 邢世和 张黎明[1,2] CHEN Zhong-xing;QIU Long-xia;CHEN Han-yue;FAN Xie-yu;WU Ting;SHEN Jing-quan;XING Shi-he;ZHANG Li-ming(College of Resource and Environment,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002 China;University Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation in Fujian,Fuzhou 350002,China;Fujian Crop Land Construction and Soil and Fertilizer Station,Fuzhou 350003,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福州350002 [2]土壤生态系统健康与调控福建省高校重点实验室,福州350002 [3]福建省农田建设与土壤肥料技术总站,福州350003

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第7期3741-3751,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41971050);福建省自然科学基金项目(2019J01660);福建农林大学国际科技合作与交流项目(KXGH17017)。

摘　　要：水稻土磷素流失引起的水体富营养化等生态风险已受到普遍关注,而明确其动态变化和富集效应是制定合理防控措施的基础.以福建省1.8×10^(6) hm^(2)水稻土为研究对象,以1982年全国第二次土壤普查1471个、2008年农业农村部测土配方施肥项目215534个和2018年农业农村部耕地质量监测项目2895个表层水稻土样点建立的1∶5万三期大比例尺土壤数据库为基础,分析全省水稻土有效磷含量近40年来的富集效应及潜在生态风险.结果表明,1982~2018年间福建省水稻土有效磷含量增加了47 mg·kg^(-1),富集面积达到1.65×10^(6) hm^(2),占全省水稻土总面积的91%;其中,1982~2008年福建省水稻土有效磷含量增加了28 mg·kg^(-1),富集面积为1.47×10^(6) hm^(2),占全省水稻土总面积的82%;2008~2018年福建省水稻土有效磷含量增加了19 mg·kg^(-1),富集面积为1.22×10^(6) hm^(2),占全省水稻土总面积的69%.进一步的潜在生态风险评估表明,2008~2018年全省处于磷素富集生态风险的水稻土面积呈逐增加趋势,且主要分布于坡度低于2°的渗育和潴育水稻土,今后应根据不同水稻土亚类和地形地貌区制定有效的磷施肥管理措施,以防止水体富营养化等环境问题发生.The ecological risks such as water eutrophication caused by soil phosphorus loss have attracted extensive attention,and its dynamic changes and enrichment effects are the basis for formulating reasonable control measures.In this study,based on the paddy soils of 1.8×10~6 hm^(2) in Fujian province,the dynamic changes and ecological risks of available phosphorus in paddy soils over the past 40 years were analyzedusing a soil database of 1∶50000.The soil database contained 1471,215534,and 2895 paddy soil samples in different periods,respectively.The paddy soil samples were derived from the 1982 Second National Soil Census,the 2008 Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Project and the 2018 Ministry of Agriculture,and the Rural Areas Arable Land Quality Monitoring Project,respectively.The results showed that from 1982 to 2018,the content of available phosphorus in paddy soils increased by 47 mg·kg^(-1),and the enriched area reached 1.65×10~6 hm^(2),accounting for 91%of the total paddy soils in Fujian province.From 1982 to 2008,the available phosphorus content of paddy soils in Fujian province increased by 28 mg·kg^(-1),with the enriched area reaching 1.47×10~6 hm^(2),accounting for 82%of the total paddy soils in Fujian province.From 2008 to 2018,the available phosphorus content of paddy soils in Fujian province increased by 19 mg·kg^(-1),with the enriched area reaching 1.22×10~6 hm^(2),accounting for 69%of the total paddy soils in Fujian province.Further ecological risk assessment showed that from 2008 to 2018,the area of paddy soil with ecological phosphorus enrichment risk in the province gradually increased,mainly distributed in percogenic paddy soils and hydromorphic paddy soils with a slope of less than 2°.In the future,effective phosphorus fertilizer management measures should be formulated for different types of paddy soil to prevent the occurrence of environmental problems such as water eutrophication.

关 键 词：有效磷 磷素富集 生态风险 1∶5万土壤数据库 时空演变 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]