Survival of the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense exposed to Earth’s lower near space  

临近空间实验揭示趋磁细菌适应类火星极端环境的机制

作　　者：Jia Liu Wensi Zhang Kuang He Li Liu Chao Wang Yuanda Jiang Shijiao Ma Jiesheng Tian Ying Li Tongwei Zhang Lanxiang Tian Fei He Greig APaterson Yong Wei Yongxin Pan Wei Lin 刘佳;张文斯;何况;刘立;王超;蒋远大;马士蛟;田杰生;李颖;张同伟;田兰香;何飞;Greig A.Paterson;魏勇;潘永信;林巍(Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System,Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques(Ministry of Education),College of Marine Geosciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technology for Space Systems,National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;State Key Laboratories for Agro-biotechnology,College of Biological Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Department of Earth,Ocean and Ecological Sciences,University of Liverpool,Liverpool L697ZE,UK)

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China [2]CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China [3]France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China [4]Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System,Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques(Ministry of Education),College of Marine Geosciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China [5]College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China [6]Key Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technology for Space Systems,National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China [7]State Key Laboratories for Agro-biotechnology,College of Biological Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China [8]Department of Earth,Ocean and Ecological Sciences,University of Liverpool,Liverpool L697ZE,UK

出　　处：《Science Bulletin》2022年第13期1335-1339,M0003,共6页科学通报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA17010501);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41822704 and 41621004);the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences,the Key Research Programs of Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IGGCAS201904 and IGGCAS-202102);supported by the Natural Environment Research Council(NERC)Independent Research Fellowship(NE/P017266/1);all people involved with the Scientific Experimental System in Near Space Project of HH-20-7 flight mission。

摘　　要：地球临近空间指海平面之上20~100 km高度区域,具有高辐射、低温、干燥、低气压等极端条件,是一类典型的类火星环境.研究生命在临近空间的存活机制有助于深化对火星宜居性和生命探测的认识.本研究利用自主研发的临近空间天体生物学载荷和飞行实验平台,将趋磁细菌Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1带入23 km高度区域开展生物暴露实验.结果发现合成磁小体的趋磁细菌经过7小时16分钟的暴露后仍有部分细胞存活,而不合成磁小体的菌株经过暴露后没有检测到存活细胞;临近空间暴露后存活的样品与实验室对照组相比,其磁小体的数量、尺寸和岩石磁学性质等均发生变化.这些结果表明细胞内的磁小体纳米颗粒有助于趋磁细菌抵御临近空间的高辐射等极端环境,为趋磁细菌的起源和早期演化、生命适应类火星极端环境的机制等提供了新认识.鉴于趋磁细菌具有在类火星环境中生存的潜力,这些感磁微生物可以作为天体生物学研究的重要生物类群.

关 键 词：天体生物学 极端环境 极端条件 生命探测 趋磁细菌 磁小体 临近空间 宜居性 

分 类 号：Q693[生物学—生物物理学]