甘薯提取物对3种杂草种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用  

Allelopathy of sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas)extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of three weeds

作　　者：马光宗 徐高峰[2] 杨韶松[2] 杨云海 张付斗[2] 温丽娜[2] 陶琼[2] 申时才[2] 叶敏[1] MA Guang-zong;XU Gao-feng;YANG Shao-song;YANG Yun-hai;ZHANG Fu-dou;WEN Li-na;TAO Qiong;SHEN Shi-cai;YE Min(Yunnan Agricultural University/State Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan Province,Kunming 650201,China;Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学/云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,昆明650201 [2]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所/云南省农业跨境有害生物绿色防控重点实验室,昆明650205

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第6期1295-1302,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960569);云南省科技人才和平台计划(2018HB054);云南省创新团队(202005AE16003)。

摘　　要：【目的】旨在探讨甘薯(Ipomoea batatas)地上/地下部提取物的化感作用,从植物化感作用的角度对农田杂草进行抑制和生态防控。【方法】利用有机溶剂萃取法从甘薯地上/地下部水提液中得到水相、石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相萃取物,以发芽率、根长、茎长和鲜重变化为参数,测定4种萃取物对3种农田恶性杂草马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)和三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。【结果】甘薯地上/地下部4种萃取物对马唐、黑麦草、三叶鬼针草的种子发芽率、根长、茎长和生物量均有一定的抑制作用。石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相对3种杂草种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制力最强,高浓度1.00~2.00 mg/mL时对马唐、黑麦草、三叶鬼针草种子发芽率抑制率分别为40%~100%和50%~100%,茎长抑制率分别为48%~100%和66%~100%,根长抑制率分别为65%~100%和67%~100%,生物量抑制率分别为76%~100%和75%~100%。水相和正丁醇相对3种杂草种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制力最弱,对马唐、黑麦草、三叶鬼针草的根长、茎长和生物量具有“低促高抑”的现象。随浓度增加,4种不同萃取物对马唐、黑麦草、三叶鬼针草种子萌发及幼苗生长的抑制率逐渐提高,抑制效果总体上依次为生物量>根长>茎长>发芽率。从综合效应指数的对比来看,石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相对马唐、黑麦草、三叶鬼针草的抑制率地下部普遍大于地上部,而水相和正丁醇相的抑制率地上部大于地下部;三叶鬼针草受到的抑制是最大的,其次为马唐和黑麦草。【结论】本研究结果证实甘薯萃取物石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相中含有主效化感物质,为下一步开展甘薯化感物质的鉴定奠定基础。【Objective】The purpose of this study was to investigate the allelopathy of aboveground/underground extracts of sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas),and to control weeds in farmland from the perspective of plant allelopathy.【Method】Based on seed germination rate,root length,stem length,and biomass,the allelopathic effects of four solvent extracts(petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol alcohol,and aqueous phase)from aboveground/underground parts of sweet potato on seed germination and seedling growth of three noxious weeds(Digitaria sanguinalis,Lolium multiflorum and Bidens pilosa)were examined in the laboratory.【Result】Four extracts(petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol alcohol,and aqueous phase)had certain inhibitory effects on seed germination rate,root length,stem length,and biomass of D.sanguinalis,L.multiflorum and B.pilosa.Petroleum ether phase and ethyl acetate phase had the strongest inhibition on seed germination and seedling growth of D.sanguinalis,L.multiflorum and B.pilosa at concentrations of 1.00-2.00 mg/mL,the inhibition rates were 40%-100%and 50-100%for seed germination,48%-100%and 66%-100%for stem length,65%-100%and 67%-100%for root length,and 76%-100%and 75%-100%for biomass,respectively.The lowest inhibition extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of D.sanguinalis,L.multiflorum and B.pilosa were aqueous phase and n-butanol alcohol phase that showed a‘low-promotion and high-inhibition effect’on root length,stem length and biomass of these three weeds.With increasing concentration of four extracts,the inhibition rates of seed germination and seedling growth of D.sanguinalis,L.multiflorum and B.pilosa were gradually increased,and the overall inhibition rates followed the order biomass>root length>stem length>seed germination.Compared to synthetical allelopathic index of four extracts on D.sanguinalis,L.multiflorum and B.pilosa,the inhibition rates of ethyl acetate phase and petroleum ether phase of underground part of sweet potato were generally higher than those of aboveground

关 键 词：甘薯 萃取物 化感作用 抑制率 化感响应指数 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]