基于COⅠ基因标记的云南人工养殖金环胡蜂遗传多样性分析  

Genetic diversity analysis of domesticated Vespa mandarinia in Yunnan province based on COⅠgene marker

作　　者：刘鑫阳 宋忠云 杨晨 和秋菊[1,2] 易传辉 朱恩骄[4] LIU Xin-yang;SONG Zhong-yun;YANG Chen;HE Qiu-ju;YI Chuan-hui;ZHU En-jiao(College of Biodiversity Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Early Warning and Control in Yunnan Province,Kunming 650224,China;Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Yunnan Forestry Technological College,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生物多样性保护学院,昆明650224 [2]云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室,昆明650224 [3]西南林业大学云南生物多样性研究院,昆明650224 [4]云南林业职业技术学院,昆明650224

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第6期1470-1476,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31660631);生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测和评估项目(2019—2023年)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解云南人工养殖金环胡蜂Vespa mandarinia的遗传多样性状况,为科学人工养殖和危害防控提供依据。【方法】基于mtDNACOⅠ基因标记,对云南省金环胡蜂8个主要人工养殖区237个人工养殖个体的mtDNACOⅠ基因进行了测定,分析了群体的遗传多样性、遗传结构和遗传分化情况。【结果】共获得金环胡蜂mtDNACOⅠ基因600 bp编码区序列,其中A+T的含量为68.05%,存在明显的AT碱基偏向性;有保守位点563个,变异位点37个,占分析位点总数的6.16%;变异位点中,有30个转换位点,7个颠换位点,无插入或缺失;共获得12个单倍型,其中6个单倍型为群体间共享,其余6个为不同群体独有单倍型;整体单倍型多样性(Hd)为0.82958,核苷酸平均差异数(K)为15.18387,核苷酸多样性(Pi)为0.02526;各养殖种群内部遗传距离在0.00~0.0283,种群间遗传距离在0.0001~0.0544;遗传变异50.48%来源种群间,49.52%来源于种群内,表明遗传变异主要来源于种群外部;F_(st)=0.50482,差异较显著(P<0.001),表明种群间遗传分化较大;COⅠ基因单倍型主要有2个聚类簇,多数单倍型之间只有1个位点突变。【结论】云南各地区养殖金环胡蜂种群单倍型多样性较高,核苷酸多样性较低;原始种群来源于少数个体,养殖过程中与当地野生自然种群或外地引入种群进行了基因交流,各种群遗传多样性存在差异。建议养殖种群尽量使用当地土著种源;严防外地引入种源养殖个体逃逸后与野生种群杂交,造成当地成野生种群遗传多样性提高,从而增加种群的适应能力,导致种群的快速扩张,避免对当地生物多样性特别是授粉昆虫造成的影响。【Objective】This paper aims to clarify the genetic diversity of cultivated V.mandarinia in Yunnan province,and to provide a basis for scientific domesticated breeding and bio-control of wasps.【Method】By using the mtDNA COⅠgene marker,the mtDNA COⅠgene of 237 domesticated individuals from 8 areas in Yunnan province was sequenced.The genetic diversity,genetic structure and genetic differentiation of the population were then analyzed.【Result】The results showed that a total of 600 bp coding region sequence of the mtDNA COⅠgene of V.mandarinia was obtained,of which the content of A+T was 68.05%,and apparently showed an obvious AT bias.There were 563 conservative sites and 37 mutative sites,among which the mutation sites accounted for 6.16%of the total analyzed sites.Of 37 mutation sites,there were 30 transformation sites and 7 transposition sites,without insertion or deletion.A total of 12 haplotypes were obtained,of which 6 haplotypes were shared between populations,the rest of haplotypes were not shared between populations.The overall haplotype diversity(Hd)were 0.82958.The mean nucleotide difference(K)was 15.18387,and the nucleotide diversity(Pi)was 0.02526.The genetic distance within each population ranged from 0.00 to 0.0283,and the genetic distance between each population ranged from 0.0001 to 0.0544;there were 50.48%of the mutation originate from inter-population and 49.52%from within population,indicating that the mutation mainly came from outside the population.F_(st) was 0.50482,the difference was significant(P<0.001),indicating that there was a greater genetic differentiation between populations.COⅠgene haplotypes mainly had two clusters,most haplotypes had only one mutation site between them.【Conclusion】The haplotype diversity of the cultured wasp population in Yunnan was high,but the nucleotide diversity was low.The original populations of the cultured V.mandarinia in Yunnan originated from a small number of individuals,and gene exchange was carried out with the local wild populatio

关 键 词：金环胡蜂 COⅠ基因 遗传多样性 遗传分化 养殖种群 

分 类 号：S891[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]