英国地权变革中的社会问题及对策  

Social Problems and Countermeasures Caused by British Land Ownership Reform

作　　者：侯建新[1] Hou Jianxin

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学欧洲文明研究院,天津300382

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2022年第6期102-114,179,共14页Exploration and Free Views

摘　　要：圈地运动是一次前所未有的土地产权变革,必然引起复杂的社会矛盾和冲突。贫穷小农的暴力反抗对非法圈地具有震慑作用,但其退回庄园经济的主张显然是乌托邦空想;圈地引发的社会冲突和产权纠纷远不止领主与佃农两大阵营对垒那样简单,实际上反对力量可能来自各个阶层。由于农业生产效率增长以及圈地运动等因素,近代英国历史上首次出现了因市场经济而引发的劳动力迁徙、失业、贫穷和犯罪等社会问题。通过政府立法,英国力图建立一种新型社会秩序,并在西方国家中率先确立国家济贫制度,确认政府对社会贫穷问题负有责任,由此迈出了建立健全社会救济和社会福利制度的重要一步,为应对流民、失业和贫穷等现代社会问题提供了历史经验。Enclosure movement is an unprecedented reform of land property rights, which will inevitably lead to complex social contradictions and conflicts. The violent resistance of the poor peasants has a deterrent effect on the illegal enclosure, but their idea of returning to the manor economy is obviously utopian;The social conflicts and property rights disputes caused by enclosure are far from as simple as the confrontation between the lord and the tenant camp. In fact, the opposition may come from all walks of life. Due to the transfer of agricultural labor and the enclosure movement, social problems such as labor migration, unemployment, poverty and crime caused by the market economy appeared for the first time in modern British history. Through government legislation, Britain tried to establish a new social order, and took the lead in establishing a national poverty relief system in western countries, recognizing that the government is responsible for social poverty, thus taking an important step toward establishing and improving the social relief and social welfare system, and providing a historical experience for dealing with modern social problems such as refugees, unemployment and poverty.

关 键 词：圈地运动 社会冲突 流民 政府立法 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济] D756.1[政治法律—政治学]