旱地钵苗移栽复式作业机栽植机构优化设计与试验  

Optimal Design and Experiment of Planting Mechanism of Dryland Pot Seedlings Transplanting Compound Machine

作　　者：那明君[1] 滕乐 周坤 王金武[1] 董欣[1] 周脉乐 NA Mingjun;TENG Le;ZHOU Kun;WANG Jinwu;DONG Xin;ZHOU Maile(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;School of Agricultural Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]江苏大学农业工程学院,镇江212013

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2022年第7期67-73,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52005221)。

摘　　要：为节省工时,提高劳动效率,提出了一种旱地钵苗移栽复式作业机;并针对作业机栽植轨迹不理想导致钵苗栽植合格率低以及栽植器粘土堵塞导致漏苗率高的问题,优化设计了移栽复式作业机栽植机构。该机构由曲柄、平行摇杆、摆杆及夹指式栽植器构成,实现接苗、运苗、扶苗栽植和复位功能,使栽植轨迹和运动姿态满足栽植农艺要求。夹指式栽植器为敞开式结构,夹指在注水冲刷与闭合瞬间振动的作用下,解决了传统鸭嘴栽植器粘土堵塞的问题。建立栽植机构运动学模型,基于Visual Basic 6.0开发计算机辅助优化设计软件,多目标参数优化设计得出满足农艺要求的移栽运动轨迹和栽植机构参数;建立栽植机构三维模型,利用ADAMS运动学仿真分析,验证了栽植机构优化设计的合理性;样机田间试验表明,在钵苗高度约为15 cm、作业速度20 m/min工况下,钵苗栽植合格率达98.1%、漏苗率0.4%、株距变异系数4.3%、栽植深度合格率96.5%,满足旱地钵苗移栽要求。In order to save man-hours and improve labor efficiency,a dual-operating machine for transplanting dry land pot seedlings was proposed,and aiming at the problems of low planting qualification rate due to unsatisfactory planting trajectory and high missing seedlings rate due to planting claws clogged in the transplanting process,a dryland pot seedling planting mechanism was designed.The mechanism was composed of crank,rocker,pendulum and finger-type planter,and the functions of receiving,transporting,planting and resetting seedlings were realized,so that the planting trajectory and movement posture reached the optimal state of planting agronomic requirements.The finger-type planter was designed as an open structure,the clamping finger solved the problem of soil clogging by flushing with water and closing momentary vibration.Based on the theoretical analysis of the transplanting mechanism,the kinematics model was established.The computer-aided optimization design software was developed by using Visual Basic 6.0 software,and a group of mechanism parameters that corresponded to the best trajectory of the planting mechanism was obtained.A 3D modeling of the planting mechanism was established,and the kinematics simulation analysis was carried out by using ADAMS software,which verified the rationality of the mechanism design.The prototype field experiment results showed that under the working conditions of pot seedlings with a height of about 15 cm and an operating speed of 20 m/min,the planting qualification rate was 98.1%,the seedling leakage rate was 0.4%,the coefficient of variation of plant spacing was 4.3%,and the qualified rate of planting depth was 96.5%,meeting the requirements for transplanting dry land pot seedlings.

关 键 词：旱地钵苗 移栽 夹指式栽植器 复式作业 

分 类 号：S223[农业科学—农业机械化工程]