生物酶提高原油采收率机理的研究进展  

Research Progress in Mechanism of Bio-Enzyme Enhanced Oil Recovery

作　　者：付健 胡琳琪 张凡[3] 孙珊珊 董浩 佘跃惠 FU Jian;HU Linqi;ZHANG Fan;SUN Shanshan;DONG Hao;SHE Yuehui(School of Petroleum Engineering,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,China;Hubei Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas,Wuhan 430100,China;School of Energy Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学石油工程学院,湖北武汉430100 [2]非常规油气湖北省协同创新中心,湖北武汉430100 [3]中国地质大学(北京)能源学院,北京100083

出　　处：《化学与生物工程》2022年第7期1-7,共7页Chemistry & Bioengineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51634008,51574038)。

摘　　要：近年来,人们提出了生物酶提高原油采收率(EEOR)方法,生物酶是环境友好的生物活性分子,在极低浓度下就可以起驱油作用。阐述了生物酶驱油的4个主要机理:(1)改变润湿性。生物酶通过在岩石表面形成蛋白质膜,改变岩石的润湿性,使其更接近亲水状态。(2)降低界面张力。通过乳化作用降低原油的黏度或油水界面张力,改善原油流动性。(3)渗吸作用。在致密油藏及页岩地层等非常规油藏中,生物酶可以通过渗吸作用驱油。(4)降解作用。生物酶通过降解原油中的多环芳烃大分子组分为小分子组分,脱除有机硫、氮化合物和金属镍、钒等,降低原油黏度,提高原油采收率。在常规油藏中,生物酶主要通过改变润湿性和降低界面张力驱油;在非常规油藏中,主要通过渗吸作用和降解作用驱油。生物表面活性剂和油藏本源菌产嗜热酶对EEOR具有增效作用。建议进一步加强生物酶与绿色表面活性剂尤其是生物表面活性剂之间的协同作用研究,提高EEOR的应用效率。In recent years,bio-enzyme enhanced oil recovery(EEOR)has been proposed.Bio-enzyme is an environmentally friendly bioactive molecule that can play a role in oil displacement at very low concentrations.We describe four main mechanisms of oil displacement by bio-enzyme as follows:(1)Change of wettability.Bio-enzymes can alter the wettability of rocks by forming protein membranes on the surfaces of rocks,making them more hydrophilic.(2)Reduction of interfacial tension.Through emulsification,the viscosity of crude oil or the oil-water interfacial tension can be reduced to improve the fluidity of crude oil.(3)Imbibition.In unconventional reservoirs such as tight reservoirs and shale formations,bio-enzyme can play a role in oil displacement by imbibition.(4)Degradation.Bio-enzyme can contribute to enhanced oil recovery(EOR)by reducing the viscosity of crude oil through degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon macromolecules into small molecular compounds,achieving the removal of organic sulfur and nitrogen compounds,metal nickel,and vanadium,etc.In conventional reservoirs,bio-enzyme plays the role in oil displacement mainly by change of wettability and reduction of interfacial tension;while in unconventional reservoirs,mainly by imbibition and degradation.Biosurfactants and thermophilic enzymes produced by reservoir bacteria have synergistic effects on EEOR.Finally,it is suggested that the research on the synergistic effect between bio-enzyme and environmentally friendly surfactant,especially biosurfactant,should be strengthened,in order to improve the application efficiency of EEOR.

关 键 词：生物酶驱油 润湿性 界面张力 渗吸作用 催化降解 提高原油采收率 

分 类 号：TE39[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]