进口贸易自由化与企业就业技能结构升级  

Liberalization of Import Trade and Upgrading of Employment Skill Structure of Enterprises

作　　者：王明益[1] 张中意 WANG Mingyi;ZHANG Zhongyi(Shandong University of Finance&Economics,Jinan,China)

机构地区：[1]山东财经大学国际经贸学院,250002

出　　处：《经济学动态》2022年第4期103-122,共20页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“‘逆全球化’的政治经济学分析与中国的应对方案研究”(18AGJ001);国家社会科学基金一般项目“数字普惠金融对企业孵化器的创新驱动效应及优化路径研究”(21BGL075)。

摘　　要：在创新驱动背景下,如何有效推动劳动力技能结构优化升级备受关注。本文基于2006—2016年中国制造业上市公司与海关贸易产品数据库的匹配数据,考察了进口自由化对企业内部劳动力技能结构调整的影响与内在机理。研究发现:(1)进口贸易自由化有助于企业内部技能结构升级,其中市场竞争效应、成本节约效应以及高技术产品进口的派生需求效应是其发挥影响的关键渠道;(2)企业优化劳动力技能结构以适应扩大进口战略的行为相对迅速,且高技能结构水平企业与技术密集型企业的反应更快;(3)进口贸易自由化增加了企业对高技能劳动力需求的同时,也减少了其对低技能劳动力的需求,但前者的增量效应更为显著;(4)中间品与最终品进口贸易自由化、关税与非关税壁垒削减均能够产生技能结构优化作用。本文研究结论为扩大进口背景下中国企业技能结构优化提供了新思路。In the context of innovation driven development strategy,how to effectively promote the optimization of labor skill structure has attracted much attention.Based on the matched data between China's manufacturing listed companies and the Customs Trade products database from 2006to 2016,this paper examines the impact and internal mechanism of import liberalization on the adjustment of labor skill structure within enterprises.The study finds that:(1)The liberalization of import trade contributes to the upgrading of the internal skill structure of enterprises,in which the market competition effect,the cost saving effect and the derived demand effect resulted from the import of high-tech products are the key channels;(2)Enterprises'behavior of optimizing labor skill structure to adapt to the import expansion strategy is relatively rapid,and enterprises with high skill structure and technology intensive enterprises react faster;(3)Import trade liberalization not only increases the demand for high-skilled labor,but also reduces the demand for low-skilled labor,but the former has a more significant incremental effect;(4)The liberalization of import trade of intermediate goods and final goods,and the reduction of tariff and non-tariff barriers can produce the optimization of skill structure.The conclusion of this paper provides a new way to optimize the skill structure of Chinese enterprises under the background of expanding imports strategy.

关 键 词：进口贸易自由化 技能结构 市场竞争 成本节约 派生需求 

分 类 号：F752.61[经济管理—国际贸易] F425[经济管理—产业经济] F272.92