汉语判断动词“为”的来源  

The Origin of Chinese Judgment Verb Wei(为)

作　　者：刘文正[1] 封景文 LIU Wen-zheng;FENG Jing-wen(College of Chinese language and Literature,Hunan University,Changsha Hunan 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学中国语言文学学院,长沙410082

出　　处：《语言研究》2022年第3期64-75,共12页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“与被动标记、虚义动词及话语标记相关的构式在历时演变中的压制和反压制研究”(17AYY017)。

摘　　要：判断动词“为”产生于上古,来源于“担任”义,在特殊的语用条件下和特殊的句法环境中变成关系动词,为判断动词用法的产生提供了两个基础:关系陈述功能和“作为”义。从行为域向心理域的转喻使“为”带上了认知心理特征;转喻、关系陈述功能和“作为”义的语义基础,使“为”成为准判断动词。当关系变成等同且角色成为类名时,典型的判断动词用法产生。判断动词“为”是词汇和构式、语用条件、认知等因素综合互动的产物,多少还残留一些心理动词的认知判断特征,有别于后来产生的判断动词“是”的客观推理特征。The judgment verb Wei(为)originated in ancient times and derived from the meaning of"perform".It becomes a relative verb under special pragmatic conditions and special syntactic environment,which provides two bases for the generation of judgement verb:the function of relational statement and the meaning of"act".Metonymy from behavioral domain to psychological domain brings cognitive psychological characteristics to Wei(为).Metonymy,relational declarative function and semantic basis of the meaning of Wei(为)make it a quasi-judgment verb.When the relationship became equivalent and the role became a mass noun,the typical judgment verb arose.Judgement verb Wei(为)is the product of the interaction of lexical and construction,pragmatic conditions and cognitive factors.There are still some cognitive judging features of psychological verbs,which is different from the objective reasoning features of judgement verb Shi(是).

关 键 词：判断动词 为 “担任”义 “作为”义 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]