石榴石微粉改性硼酚醛树脂的制备与耐高温性能  

Preparation and high temperature resistance of modified boron phenolic resin with almandine micropowder

作　　者：董闯 邓宗义 任依林 唐青秀 黄志雄[1] 石敏先[1] DONG Chuang;DENG Zongyi;REN Yilin;TANG Qingxiu;HUANG Zhixiong;SHI Minxian(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学材料科学与工程学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2022年第6期2698-2706,共9页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

基　　金：上海航天科技创新基金(SAST2018-067);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2021-zy-001)。

摘　　要：针对纤维增强酚醛树脂复合材料耐热性不足、抗烧蚀性能差的问题,采用岛状硅酸盐矿物-石榴石微粉(AM)作为可陶瓷化填料来改性硼酚醛树脂(BPR),采用模压工艺制备不同填料含量的AM/BPR可陶瓷化复合材料及高硅氧玻璃纤维(HSF)-AM/BPR可陶瓷化复合材料,探究AM对BPR体系的耐热、耐烧蚀和力学性能的影响及在不同温度下材料的物相转变及微观形貌变化。结果表明,随着AM含量的提高,AM/BPR复合材料的耐热性提高,800℃以上形成液相,并在1100℃时形成较致密的陶瓷层,对复合材料高温性能、抗烧蚀性能提高有重要作用,当AM含量为50wt%时,线烧蚀率为0.221 mm/s,质量烧蚀率为0.103 g/s,与纯BPR相比分别降低了44.05%和43.6%;当AM含量为40wt%时,HSF-AM/BPR可陶瓷化复合材料高温处理前后的弯曲强度比未加填料前分别提高了29%和47.97%,其优良的耐热、耐烧蚀和力学性能有望作为热防护材料应用于航天领域。In view of the insufficient heat resistance and poor ablation resistance of fiber-reinforced phenolic resin composites,island silicate mineral-almandine micropowder(AM)was used as ceramicized filler to modify the boron phenolic resin(BPR),and the molding process was used to prepare different filler contents.AM/BPR ceramizable composite material and high silica glass fiber(HSF)-AM/BPR ceramizable composite material with different filler contents were prepared by molding process.The influence of AM on the heat resistance,ablation resistance and mechanical properties of the boron phenolic resin system,as well as the phase transition and microscopic morphology changes of the material at different temperatures were explored.The results show that as the content of AM increases,the heat resistance of AM/BPR composites increases.A liquid phase is formed above 800℃,and a denser ceramic layer is formed at 1100℃,which is important for the high-temperature performance and ablation resistance of the composite material.When the AM content is 50wt%,the linear ablation rate is 0.221 mm/s,and the mass ablation rate is 0.103 g/s,which is 44.05%and 43.6%lower than that of pure BPR.When the content of AM is 40wt%,the flexural strength of HSF-AM/BPR ceramic composites at room temperature and after high temperature treatment are increased by 29%and 47.97%compared with those without filler,respectively.Its excellent heat resistance,ablation resistance and mechanical properties are expected used as a thermal protection material in the aerospace field.

关 键 词：石榴石微粉 硼酚醛树脂 耐烧蚀 耐高温 可陶瓷化复合材料 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]