某钢厂接触铬酸盐作业工人职业危害分析  

Occupational hazard analysis of workers exposed to chromate in a steel plant

作　　者：徐立燕 胡晓川 谭瑞霞 于维松 Xu Liyan;Hu Xiaochuan;Tan Ruixia;Yu Weisong(Qingdao Central Hospital,Health Management Center,Qingdao 266042,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛市中心医院健康管理中心,青岛266042

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2022年第6期450-453,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的探讨某钢厂接触铬酸盐作业人员的职业损害状况。方法于2021年3月, 采用回顾性分析, 选取2016年至2017年山东省某钢厂工人作为研究对象, 其中, 850例接触铬酸盐的工人作为观察组, 598例未接触铬酸盐的工人作为对照组, 收集体检资料中职业相关信息、血常规、空腹血糖、鼻部、皮肤、胸部X线片等检查结果, 分析铬作业人员的职业危害情况。结果与对照组比较, 观察组鼻损害、皮肤损害、谷丙转氨酶增高、胸片异常、血常规异常、血糖异常情况的发生率更高, 差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=125.69、12.25、5.82、10.37、10.46、20.66, P=0.000、0.000、0.016、0.001、0.001、0.000);与对照组比较, 观察组鼻中隔偏曲、鼻黏膜充血、鼻黏膜糜烂、鼻炎症状的发生率更高, 差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=101.54、4.07、13.20、32.05, P=0.000、0.044、0.000、0.000)。对照组与观察组工种、年龄、铬接触工龄与鼻黏膜糜烂面积的发病率无明显升高, 差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.31、0.42、0.28, P=0.505、0.662、0.871)。结论接触铬酸盐的职业性危害不容忽视, 应注意加强铬接触工人的职业防护和健康宣教, 提高其重视程度。Objective To investigate the occupational damage to workers exposed to chromate in a steel plant.Methods In January 2021,a retrospective analysis was used to select 850 workers exposed to chromate(observation group)and 598 workers not exposed to chromate(control group)in a steel plant in Shandong Province from 2016 to 2017 as the investigation.We collected their occupational-related information,blood routine,fasting blood sugar,nasal lesions,skin lesions,chest X-rays and other inspection results,compared the differences in the abnormal detection rate of the two groups of respondents,and analyzed the occupational hazards of chromium workers.Results Incidence of nasal damage,skin lesion,up-regulation of ALT(Alanine aminotransferase),abnormal chest radiograph,abnormal serum biochemical index,and abnormal serum glucose level were observed higher in the exposed group than those in the control group(χ^(2)=125.69,12.25,5.82,10.37,10.46,20.66,P=0.000,0.000,0.016,0.001,0.001,0.000).Among the symptoms,the incidence of erythra,nasal septum deviation,nasal mucosal congestion,nasal mucosal erosion and rhinitis were more frequent than those in the control group(χ^(2)=101.54,4.07,13.20,32.05,P=0.000,0.044,0.000,0.000).There was no significant increase in the incidence of work type,age,length of work and the area of nasal mucosa erosion in the observation group compared with the control table,and the difference was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=5.31、0.42、0.28,P=0.505,0.662,0.871).Conclusion Occupational hazards of long-term exposure to chromate cannot be ignored.Attention should be paid to strengthening occupational protection and health education of workers exposed to chromium,and increasing their attention.

关 键 词：重金属中毒 铬酸盐类 职业性中毒 铬鼻病 职业健康检查 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]