2006-2020年国际邮轮传染病暴发的流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis of infectious disease outbreak on international cruise ships

作　　者：陆添愉 巴剑波 栾洁 徐雄利 卢姗姗 舒东 Lu Tianyu;Ba Jianbo;Luan Jie;Xu Xiongli;Lu Shanshan;Shu Dong(Company Seven,The Third Group of Undergraduates,College of Basic Medical Sciences,Naval Medical University,Shanghai 200433,China;Naval Medical Center,Naval Medical University,Shanghai 200433,China;BWC Implementation Support Bureau,Logistic Support Department of the Central Military Commission,Beijing 100000,China)

机构地区：[1]海军军医大学基础医学院学员三大队七队,上海200433 [2]海军军医大学海军特色医学中心,上海200433 [3]中央军委后勤保障部禁止生物武器履约事务局,北京100000

出　　处：《中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志》2022年第2期233-237,241,共6页Chinese Journal of Nautical Medicine and Hyperbaric Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解2006-2020年国际邮轮传染性疾病流行情况及其发病特征, 并探讨船舶传染病的预防及控制措施。方法对美国疾病预防控制中心国家环境卫生中心船舶卫生项目网站公布的2006-2020年符合定义的223起国际邮轮传染病暴发的疫情资料进行流行病学统计与分析。结果 2006-2020年国际邮轮传染病暴发疫情总体呈下降趋势, 但伴随小幅波动。在明确病原体的192起传染病中, 病毒性传染病181起(81.17%), 细菌性传染病10起(4.48%), 其他传染病1起(0.45%);不明原因和未获得样本的共31起(13.90%)。诺如病毒、肠道毒素型大肠杆菌(ETEC)志贺氏菌和沙门氏菌是国际邮轮传染性疾病暴发的主要病原体。1-4月为国际邮轮传染性疾病发病的高峰期, 其他月份发生率较低。常见船舶传染病船员患病率(2.01%)低于乘客患病率(7.20%)。结论海上航行船舶传染病暴发流行具有其特殊的特征和规律, 乘客是主要的易感人群, 食物和水源是常见船舶传染病传播的主要途径。Objective To observe the prevalence and the characteristics of infectious disease outbreak on international cruise ships from 2006 to 2020,and to explore relevant prevention and control measures.Methods Sourced from the website of the Vessel Sanitation Program at the U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,the data of 223 cases that met the definition of infectious disease outbreaks on international cruise ship and took place between 2006 to 2020 were analyzed using epidemiological statistics methods.Results From 2006 to 2020,the number of infectious disease outbreak on international cruise ships generally showed a downward trend,though with small fluctuations.Among the 192 outbreaks of infectious diseases with identified pathogens,181 outbreaks arose from viral infectious diseases(81.17%),10 from bacterial infectious diseases(4.48%),and 1 from other infectious diseases(0.45%).Besides,there were another 31 outbreaks(13.90%)with unidentified causes or unavailable specimens.Norovirus,Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC),and Shigella and Salmonella were the main pathogens that gave rise to the outbreak of infectious diseases on international cruise ships.January to April was the peak time of infectious disease outbreak on international cruise ships,while other months kept a low incidence of such outbreak.The prevalence of common ship infectious diseases among crew members(2.01%)was lower than that of passengers(7.20%).Conclusion Infectious disease outbreak on cruise ships has its own characteristics and developing patterns.The main susceptible group to infectious diseases on cruise ships are passengers.The main routes of transmission are food and water.

关 键 词：邮轮 传染病 流行病学 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]