不同发育阶段短期低温对小菜蛾生存和繁殖的影响  

Effects of exposing differential developmental stages to short-term cold on the survival and reproduction of Plutella xylostella

作　　者：崔瑞媛 马珈淇 金波 徐昊天 李婷 胡珺华 贾丽 闫夏 李伯辽 徐世才[1] CUI Rui-Yuan;MA Jia-Qi;JIN Bo;XU Hao-Tian;LI Ting;HU Jun-Hua;JIA Li;YAN Xia;LI Bo-Liao;XU Shi-Cai(College of Life Science,Yan'an University/Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources,Yan'an 716000,China)

机构地区：[1]延安大学生命科学学院,陕西省区域生物资源保育与利用工程技术研究中心,延安716000

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2022年第3期627-637,共11页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：延安大学博士科研启动项目(YDBK2019-47);延安市高层次人才专项(延财办2019-24);国家自然基金项目(31860506);延安大学研究生教育创新计划项目(YCX2020075);2021年延安大学创新创业训练计划项目(D2020091)。

摘　　要：[目的]本研究通过不同低温时长和低温所处发育阶段对小菜蛾Plutella xlostella生存和繁殖能力的影响,为冬季蔬菜大棚中小菜蛾的发生及防治提供理论参考。[方法]在相对湿度为55%±10%,12L:12D的光周期条件下,观察小菜蛾4龄幼虫、蛹和成虫分别经低温(8℃)处理24、48和96 h后幼虫的化蛹率、成虫的羽化率、成虫寿命、产卵前期、产卵期及产卵量等指标,以温度为(26±1)℃的处理为对照组。[结果]8℃处理不同时长对小菜蛾幼虫化蛹率的影响差异不显著(χ^(2)=1.58,P=0.664),但低温所处的不同发育阶段(χ^(2)=202.52,P<0.001)和低温处理时长(χ^(2)=141.83,P<0.001)显著影响成虫的羽化率;4龄幼虫低温处理后的羽化率均高于蛹期低温处理的(4龄幼虫低温:87.40%;蛹期低温:66.97%)。成虫寿命受低温处理时长(χ^(2)=39.3,P<0.001)和低温所处发育阶段(χ^(2)=43.0,P<0.001)影响。一定范围内4龄幼虫低温处理时长对雌雄成虫寿命无显著影响(雌虫:χ^(2)=41.86,df=3,P=0.330;雄虫:χ^(2)=4.55,df=3,P=0.210),而蛹期(雌虫:χ^(2)=41.86,df=3,P<0.001;雄虫:χ^(2)=14.30,df=3,P<0.001)和成虫期雄虫寿命(χ^(2)=19.32,df=3,P<0.001)随低温处理时长的延长而逐渐延长;雄成虫寿命普遍长于雌成虫寿命(未成熟阶段低温:χ^(2)=-3.88,P<0.001;成熟阶段低温:χ^(2)=-5.72,P<0.001);产卵前期随低温处理时长的延长而延长(未成熟期处理:χ^(2)=14.40,df=3,P=0.002;成熟期处理:χ^(2)=60.04,df=2,P<0.001)。单雌产卵量除蛹期8℃处理96h(40.9粒/雌)外,其余处理与对照组(87.3粒/雌)相比无显著性降低。[结论]不同低温处理时长对蛹的生存和繁殖的影响比对4龄幼虫的影响更为明显,且随低温处理时长的延长,对小菜蛾的生存和繁殖的抑制程度加深。[Objectives]To investigate the effects of exposing different developmental stages of Plutella xylostella to different durations of low temperature on the survival and reproductive capacity of this species,thereby providing a reference for predicting and preventing the occurrence of this pest in greenhouses in winter.[Methods]The pupation rate,eclosion rate,adult lifespan,adult pre-oviposition period,oviposition period,and fecundity per female of P.xylostella were recorded under laboratory conditions of 55%±10% relative humidity anda 12L:12D light cycle.Fourth instar larvae,pupae and adults were exposed to 8℃ for 24,48 and 96 h.A control group was kept at(26±1)℃.[Results]Irrespective of the duration,cold exposure did not significantly change the pupation rate of P.xylostella(χ^(2)=1.58,P=0.664).However,development stage(χ^(2)=202.52,P<0.001)and the duration of cold treatment(χ^(2)=141.83,P<0.001)significantly affected the emergence rate.The effect of cold exposure on the emergence rate was higher for 4th instar larvae than for pupae(4th larval instar:0.8740;pupal stage:0.6697).Adult lifespan was afected by both the duration of cold exposure(χ^(2)=39.3,P<0.001)and developmental stage(χ^(2)=141.83,P<0.001).Within a certain range,the duration 4th instar larvae were exposed to cold had no signifcant efect on the life span of male and female adults(females:χ^(2)=41.86,df=3,P=0.330;males:χ^(2)=4.55,df=3,P=0.210),whereas the effect of cold exposure on the life span of both sexes was increased by the duration of cold exposure during the pupal stage(females:χ^(2)=41.86,df=3,P<0.001;males:χ^(2)=14.30,df=3,P<0.001).The longevity of adult males was also increased by increasing the duration of cold exposure(χ^(2)=19.32,df=3,P<0.001).Male adults generally lived longer than female adults(immature stage:χ^(2)=-3.88,P<0.001;adult stage:χ^(2)=5.72,P<0.001).The adult pre-oviposition period was prolonged by increasing the duration of cold exposure(immature stage:χ^(2)=14.40,df=3,P=0.002;adult stage:χ^(2)=60.04,df=

关 键 词：蔬菜害虫 短期低温 发育阶段 生存曲线 生殖参数 

分 类 号：S433.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]