个人信息保护法中同意规则的法律效果  

Legal Effect of Consent Rule in Personal Information Protection Law

作　　者：邬杨 Wu Yang(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学,上海201620

出　　处：《警学研究》2022年第2期5-21,共17页Police Science Research

摘　　要：界定同意的法律性质并厘清同意的法律含义是准确定位同意法律效果的前提。同意的法律性质属于准法律行为,因其法律效果并非由表意人决定而是依据法律的规定。同时,应将同意的构成要件与法律上的合同行为构成要件和受害人同意的构成要件进行严格区分。个人信息保护中同意规则的法律效果应当为:同意作为个人信息处理的前置合法性基础,不具有私法上授权的法律效果,只有事后救济效力;同意是个人信息处理行为合法的充分非必要条件,未经同意的个人信息处理行为不必然导致侵权的法律后果;同意的免责效力具有有限性,基于同意的个人信息处理行为还应当符合实体法上法律行为的合法性构成要件,此外在不以同意为合法性前提的个人信息处理行为中相对人也不得以同意作为免责事由。Defining the legal nature of consent and clarifying its legal meaning are the premise of accurately positioning the legal effect of consent.The legal nature of consent belongs to quasi-legal act,because its legal effect is not determined by the expresser but according to the provisions of the law.The constitutive requirements of consent are strictly distinguished from the legal contract behavior and the victim’s consent.The legal effect of the consent rule in personal information protection is:As the pre-legitimacy basis of personal information processing,consent does not have the legal effect authorized in private law,but only after relief effect;consent is a necessary and sufficient condition for the legality of personal information processing,unconsented personal information processing does not necessarily lead to the legal consequences of infringement;the exemption effect of consent is limited,and the personal information processing behavior based on consent should also conform to the legality constitutive requirements of legal behavior in substantive law.In addition,in the personal information processing behavior that does not take consent as the premise of legitimacy,the counterpart may not take consent as an exemption.

关 键 词：同意规则 合法性基础 准法律行为 免责事由 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]