不同种源栎属和锥属橡实品质差异及综合评价研究  

Comparison and comprehensive evaluation of acorn qualities of Quercus and Castanopsis from different provenances

作　　者：孙佳成 武妍妍 朱景乐[3] 孙永玉[4] 冯健[5] 江泽平[2] 史胜青[1] Sun Jiacheng;Wu Yanyan;Zhu Jingle;Sun Yongyu;Feng Jian;Jiang Zeping;Shi Shengqing(State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Research Institute of Non-timber Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Zhengzhou 450003,Henan,China;Institute of Highland Forest Science,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China;Liaoning Academy of Forestry,Shenyang 110032,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,北京100091 [2]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,北京100091 [3]中国林业科学研究院经济林研究所,河南郑州450003 [4]中国林业科学研究院高原林业研究所,云南昆明650224 [5]辽宁省林业科学研究院,辽宁沈阳110032

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2022年第7期36-51,共16页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2018ZB001-1)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确和比较不同种源栎属和锥属橡实品质特征,充分挖掘其果用资源潜力,为今后两属优良种质资源选育、开发利用和保护提供借鉴。【方法】本研究收集了我国15个省(市)的6个种28个种源栎属和7个种48个种源锥属的橡实,对其形态、营养物质和多酚类物质及其抗氧化能力进行测定,并利用因子分析法进行综合评价。【结果】(1)形态特征方面,栎属橡实体型上多为椭球形,而锥属橡实多为近圆球形,前者体型大小和重量分别约为后者的1.5倍和2倍。(2)种仁营养物质方面,栎属可溶性糖含量约为18.31~79.94 mg/g,其中,麻栎、短柄枹栎和蒙古栎可溶性糖含量高于栎属平均值;锥属整体水平上可溶性糖含量较低,约为20.16~52.08 mg/g,而苦槠和黧蒴锥等个别种可溶性糖含量达到栎属平均水平。栎属淀粉含量为169.33~382.27 mg/g,锥属淀粉含量为130.29~544.12 mg/g,整体高于栎属,但黧蒴锥的淀粉含量显著低于各个种。栎属和锥属的总氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量的平均值相差较小,但各个种之间具有显著差异。(3)种仁功能性成分方面,栎属总多酚含量为54.64~242.90 mg/g,锥属总多酚含量为1.28~138.11 mg/g,前者平均值约是后者的4.5倍。除苦槠和黧蒴锥外,其他锥属总多酚含量极低,为1.28~4.66 mg/g,且总黄酮和可溶性单宁含量变化趋势与总多酚类似。栎属维生素E含量高于锥属平均值,而锥属中除多酚含量高的苦槠和黧蒴锥之外,其他种维生素E含量均较低。两属中25号短柄枹栎抗氧化活性最高,其DPPH自由基清除率最高可达82.98%。(4)综合得分排名发现,16号种源橡实体型最大,多酚类物质含量较高;20号种源橡实体型较大,淀粉和多酚类物质较高,可溶性蛋白和总氨基酸含量适中,各方面整体表现平稳;排名前十的橡实分别为16、17、20、14、2、24、28、8、3、19号种源的橡实。【结论】我国栎属和锥属种质资[Objective]This paper aims to clarify and compare the characteristics of acorn qualities of Quercus and Castanopsis from different provenances,and fully tap the potential of fruit resources,then provide a reference for the selection and breeding,utilization,and protection of excellent fruit resources in China.[Method]The acorns were collected,including 6 Quercus species from 28 provenances and 7 Castanopsis species from 48 provenances in 15 provinces(municipalities)in China,and the morphologies,nutrients,polyphenols and antioxidant capacities were determined,and then comprehensively evaluated by factor analysis.[Result](1)At the level of morphological traits,the Quercus acorns were mostly ellipsoidal in morphologies,while the Castanopsis acorns were mostly nearly spherical.The size and mass of the former were about 1.5‒2 times of that in the latter.(2)At the level of kernel nutrient components,the soluble sugar contents in Quercus were 18.31–79.94 mg/g,and they were higher in Q.acutissima,Q.serrata and Q.mongolica than the average value in Quercus;while those in Castanopsis were lower(about 20.16–52.08 mg/g)at the overall level,but a few species such as C.sclerophylla and C.fissa reached the average level in Quercus.The starch contents in Quercus were 169.33–382.27 mg/g,whereas those in Castanopsis were 130.29–544.12 mg/g,which were higher than that in Quercus as a whole,but the starch in C.fissa was significantly lower than that of each species.The average values of total amino acid and soluble protein contents in both Quercus and Castanopsis were relatively low,but there were significant differences between species.(3)At the level of kernel functional components,the total polyphenol contents in Quercus were 54.64–242.90 mg/g,while those in Castanopsis were 1.28–138.11 mg/g,the average contents in the former were about 4.5 times of those in the latter.Except for C.sclerophylla and C.fissa,the total polyphenol contents,between 1.28–4.66 mg/g,in other Castanopsis were extremely lower,and the changi

关 键 词：橡属 锥属 橡实品质 综合评价 

分 类 号：S792.18[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S792.17[农业科学—林学]