同轴电涌保护器设计方法的分析  

Analysis of Design Method of Coaxial Surge Protector

作　　者：李祥超[1] 文巧莉 欧阳文 储蕾 LI Xiangchao;WEN Qiaoli;OUYANG Wen;CHU Lei(Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044

出　　处：《电瓷避雷器》2022年第3期1-7,18,共8页Insulators and Surge Arresters

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号:2017YFC1501505)。

摘　　要：针对雷电电磁脉冲产生感应过电压会导致通信线路终端设备损坏的问题,本研究采用高频结构仿真软件HFSS,针对同轴电涌保护器在不同腔体半径以及有无安装气体放电管等情况进行仿真分析,得出其回波损耗S11曲线、插入损耗S21曲线以及时域反射分析TDR(Time Domain Reflectometry)等数据。通过分析仿真数据,笔者制作出适合尺寸的同轴电涌保护器并对其进行了测试。根据仿真结果可以得出,当腔体半径与内置铜芯的半径比为2.3时,腔体的特性阻抗维持在50Ω左右,放置气体放电管后对特性阻抗有较大的扰动;随着腔体半径的增加,反射系数也随之减小,但谐振频率基本都集中在2.5 GHz左右,放置气体放电管后S11曲线在谐振点附近有明显的变化;随着模型长度的增大,谐振频率随之减小;气体放电管的电容与尺寸都随着值的增大信号衰减增加,但是尺寸较电容对衰减的影响更大更加明显;实测与仿真基本符合,根据实测冲击试验看出同轴电涌保护器随冲击电压的增大响应时间随之减小,通流和残压随之增大,制作的同轴电涌保护器可以达到泄放浪涌,保护负载电路的作用。研究结果对同轴电涌保护器的设计制作有一定的指导意义。Aiming at the problem of damage to communication line terminal equipment caused by lightning electromagnetic pulses and induced over voltages,this paper uses high-frequency structure simulation software HFSS to target coaxial surge protectors.The simulation analysis of different cavity radii and the presence or absence of gas discharge tubes has been carried out,and the return loss S11 curve,insertion loss S21 curve and TDR(Time Domain Reflectometry)data are obtained.By analyzing the simulation data,this paper produced a coaxial surge protector of suitable size and tested it.According to the simulation results,when the ratio of the radius of the cavity to the radius of the built-in copper core is 2.3,the characteristic impedance of the cavity is maintained at about 50Ω,and the characteristic impedance is greatly disturbed after the gas discharge tube is placed;As the radius increases,the reflection coefficient also decreases,but the resonance frequency is basically concentrated around 2.5 GHz.After the gas discharge tube is placed,the S11 curve changes significantly near the resonance point;as the length of the model increases,the resonance frequency increases with the capacitance and size of the gas discharge tube both increase as the value increases,but the size has a greater impact on the attenuation than the capacitance.The actual measurement and simulation are basically consistent.According to the actual impact test,it can be seen that the coaxial electrical.The response time of the surge protector decreases with the increase of the impulse voltage,and the current and residual voltage increase accordingly.It can be seen that the coaxial surge protector produced can discharge the surge and protect the load circuit.The research results have certain guiding significance for the design and manufacture of coaxial surge protectors.

关 键 词：同轴电涌保护器 TDR S11曲线 S21曲线 气体放电管 

分 类 号：TM86[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]