红外相机记录的河西走廊荒漠生态系统中兽类和鸟类的群落动态  

Community dynamics of mammals and birds monitored with infrared triggered cameras in desert ecosystem in the Hexi Corridor,China

作　　者：林永一 王永珍 赵文智 李锋瑞 巴义彬[3] 刘继亮 Lin Yongyi;Wang Yongzhen;Zhao Wenzhi;Li Fengrui;Ba Yibin;Liu Jiliang(Linze Inland River Basin Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Museum of Hebei University,Baoding 071002,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院临泽内陆河流域研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]河北大学博物馆,河北保定071002

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2022年第3期159-169,共11页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A(XDA23060304);国家自然科学基金项目(41771290)。

摘　　要：河西走廊地势狭长,位于两山之间,主要由荒漠构成,生境一旦遭到破坏,当地物种将很难找到替代的栖息地。本文以河西走廊中部典型砾质戈壁为研究区,经由2019—2020年红外相机和人工观测等方式监测到的兽类和鸟类数据为基准,探讨其群落动态及活动节律。结果表明:砾质戈壁兽类中的国家Ⅱ级重点保护及“三有”(有重要生态、科学、社会价值)动物有6种,而砾质戈壁鸟类中的国家Ⅱ级重点保护及“三有”动物有8种。兽类群落的季节变化小,春季鹅喉羚(Gazella subgutturosa)等的相对多度指数略高于其他季节,三趾跳鼠(Dipus sagitta)在4月大量出现;鸟类群落季节变化明显,春、夏季和秋季鸟类的相对多度指数高于冬季,物种数在夏季和秋季达到峰值。兽类和鸟类的相对多度变化趋势相似,均在夏末和春季达到顶峰。兽类的月相对多度指数与土壤含水量呈极显著的负相关,鹅喉羚和沙狐(Vulpes corsac)等日活动节律受人类活动影响出现在夜间、黄昏或黎明。鸟类的月相对多度指数与人类活动、空气温度、土壤温度和节肢动物均呈显著正相关,但人类活动在生长季会降低一些鸟类的活动频率。总之,河西走廊中部戈壁是鹅喉羚、沙狐、红隼(Falco tinnunculus)、锲尾伯劳(Lanius sphenocercus)、黑尾地鸦(Podoces hendersoni)、沙鵖(Oenanthe isabellina)、漠鵖(Oenanthe deserti)和短趾百灵(Calandrella cheleensis)等兽类和鸟类的主要栖息地,建立沙化土地封禁保护区对保护荒漠动物多样性具有重要的生态意义。The Hexi Corridor is long and narrow,located between two mountains and mainly consisted of desert.Its unique habitat makes it irreplaceable for native species.Therefore,in this study,we explored community dynamics of birds and animals based on data which monitored by infrared cameras and human observations between 2019 and 2020.A total of 23 species of mammals and birds were observed in the gravel gobi desert.Among the species,there were 6 species of mammals and 8 species of birds belong to national second-class protected animals and terrestrial wildlife with important ecological,scientific,and social values.The results of infrared camera showed that the seasonal variation of the mammal community was slight.The relative abundance index of Gazella subgutturosa and other mammals was slightly higher in spring than in other seasons,and the relative abundance index of Dipus sagitta peaked in April.The relative abundance index of birds in spring,summer and autumn was higher than that in winter,and the number of species reached the peak in summer and autumn.The relative abundance of mammals and birds showed similar trends,both peaking in late summer and spring.The monthly relative abundance index of mammals was significantly negatively correlated with soil water content.The daily activity rhythm of Gazella subgutturosa and Vulpes corsac appeared at night,dusk,or dawn under the influence of human activities.The monthly relative abundance index of birds was significantly positively correlated with human activities,air temperature,soil temperature and number of arthropods,but human activities would reduce the activity frequency of some birds during the growing season.In conclusion,Gobi in the middle of Hexi Corridor is the main inhabit and breed habitat for Gazella subgutturosa,Vulpes corsac,Falco tinnunculus,Lanius sphenocercus,Podoces hendersoni,Oenanthe isabellin,Oenanthe deserti and Calandrella cheleensis,etc.It is essential to establish the protected area of desertification land to protect the diversity of desert anim

关 键 词：河西走廊 砾质戈壁 兽类 鸟类 群落动态 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]