不同基质湿地脱氮效果和机理的影响研究  

Nitrogen Removal Efficiencies and Mechanisms of Constructed Wetlands with Different Substrates

作　　者：李朝明[1,2] 许丹 万俊 李芸[1,2] 王煜帆 周宁莉 LI Chaoming;XU Dan;WAN Jun;LI Yun;WANG Yufan;ZHOU Ningli(State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China;School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学省部共建核资源与环境国家重点实验室,江西南昌330013 [2]东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《水处理技术》2022年第7期102-106,共5页Technology of Water Treatment

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划项目(20202BBGL73086,20201BBG71012);江西省自然科学基金项目(20192BAB213021)。

摘　　要：以污水处理厂尾水为研究对象,构建了分别以陶粒、玉米秸秆和火山岩为唯一基质的湿地,对比研究了基质差异对湿地脱氮效果的影响。结果表明,火山岩基质湿地总氮去除效果最好且硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐积累量最小,玉米秸秆基质湿地总氮去除效果较好,陶粒基质湿地脱氮效果较差且硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐积累量最大,基质差异对湿地脱氮效果影响显著。SEMs和微生物镜检以及生物酶表征显示,火山岩表面存在较多的孔洞,火山岩可能存在较好的吸附作用和生物脱氮作用,而玉米秸秆基质微生物生长在其孔洞内,存在显著好氧和缺氧环境,而陶粒表面存在微生物。Taking the secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plants as the objection, three parallel constructed wetlands(CWs) with the different substrates were developed, comparing the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies in the three parallel CWs with different substrates. The experimental results indicated that the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of vertical flow constructed wetlands(VFCW) was better than that in the subsurface flow constructed wetland(SSFCW) and surface flow constructed wetland(SFCW). The nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies of VFCW were studied based on it. The nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of VFCW with volcanic rock was the best. The nitrogen efficiency of the VFCW with corn straw was better, and the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies of VFCW with ceramisite was bad.The microcosmic mechanism, which was investigated by SEM and microorganisms observation, indicated that there were more pores on the surface of volcanic rocks. Volcanic rocks had better adsorption and biological denitrification, while corn straw substrate microorganisms grew inside the pores and there were significant aerobic and anoxic environments, while microorganisms existed on the surface of ceramic pellets.

关 键 词：脱氮 湿地 水力流态 基质 微生物 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]