汽车用高强度组合螺栓断裂失效研究  

Research on the FractureFailure of High-strength Combined Bolts for Automobiles

作　　者：林文波 LIN Wenbo(Fujian Huagai Machinery Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Quanzhou,Fujian Province,362000 China)

机构地区：[1]福建省华盖机械制造有限公司,福建泉州362000

出　　处：《汽车知识》2022年第8期195-198,共4页Auto Know

摘　　要：由于高强度组合螺栓的飞速发展,在一定程度上满足了机械制造业的实际需求,因此被广泛应用于汽车底盘当中。其高强度可以将汽车零件尺寸进行减小,使其底盘变轻,同时也能满足发动机需求,将材料应用能力提升。在汽车缸盖中,一般都是采用12.9级的高强度组合螺栓,它在使用过程中会出现不同形式断裂,为了确定螺栓在装配的过程中断裂失效的原因,该文从宏观与微观角度对某汽车缸盖中断裂螺栓以及金相组织硬度以及力学性质进行分析。在经过分析之后,发现螺栓在装配过程中摩擦系数会导致扭矩过大,最终导致螺栓断裂。针对这种情况,对其进行磷化工艺调整,然后再通过摩擦性能的模拟将装配扭矩控制,让螺栓拥有足够的轴向力,降低高强度螺栓断裂失效的风险。Due to the rapid development of high-strength combination bolts,to a certain extent,it meets the actual needs of the machinery manufacturing industry,so it is widely used in the automotive chassis.Its high strength can reduce the size of automotive parts,making its chassis lighter,while also meeting the needs of the engine and improving the ability to apply materials.In the car cylinder head,it is generally used 12.9 high-strength combination bolts,which will break in different forms during use In order to determine the cause of fracture failure of bolts in the process of assembly,this paper analyzes the hardness and mechanical properties of fracture bolts and metallographic structures in a car cylinder head from a macroscopic and microscopic perspective.After analysis,it was found that the coefficient of friction of the bolt during the assembly process would lead to excessive torque,which eventually led to bolt breakage.In this case,the phosphating process is adjusted,and then the torque control is assembled through the simulation of frictional properties,so that the bolt has sufficient axial force and reduces the risk of failure of the high-strength bolt.

关 键 词：高强度组合螺栓 力学分析 磷化工艺 断裂失效 

分 类 号：U461[机械工程—车辆工程]