“葵”“菘”饮食地位互换及语义嬗变的原因与历史进程  

The Reasons and Historical Process of the Exchange of Dietary Status and Semantic Evolution of“Kui”and“Song”

作　　者：刘志国[1] Liu Zhiguo(Nongsheng Culture Research Center,Weifang University of Science and Technology,Shouguang,Shandong 262700)

机构地区：[1]潍坊科技学院农圣文化研究中心,山东寿光262700

出　　处：《古今农业》2022年第2期26-38,共13页Ancient and Modern Agriculture

基　　金：教育部高等教育司2021年第一批产学合作协同育人项目“大数据与产学研融合背景下农圣文化特色课程的文创实践研究”(项目编号:202101260002);山东省社会科学普及应用研究项目(资助项目)“《齐民要术》图文考释”(2021-SKZZ-33);2021年度山东省艺术科学重点课题“‘农圣文化’文创产品的开发与实践研究”(21ZB05240006)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：葵菜(今锦葵科锦葵属植物冬葵,Malva verticillata Linnaeus)与菘菜(古代的白菜)曾是中国古代餐桌上的主要蔬菜。宋、元之前,以葵菜为首,之后以元代为转折点,葵菜的饮食地位逐渐被“菘”的进化品种--白菜(Brassica pekinensis Rupr)所代替。通过梳理不同历史时期的文献记载后发现,葵菜饮食地位没落的原因,除自身饮食品性等局限外,本草类文献对其毒性记载的误导和其政治属性的消失是主要原因。“菘”在宋、元以后虽然替代了葵菜的饮食地位,但却与“葵”同时出现了语义的消失与转换。所不同的是,“葵”的语义转换主要是名称上的嬗变,而“菘”的消失则是源于物种自身的进化。Sunflower(Malva verticillata Linnaeus)and woad(ancient Chinese cabbage)were the main vegetables on the table in ancient China.Before the Song and Yuan Dynasties,sunflower was the first,and then the Yuan Dynasty was the turning point.The dietary status was gradually replaced by the evolutionary variety of“woad”--Chinese Cabbage(Brassica pekinensis Rupr).After combing the literature records in different historical periods,it is found that the main reasons for the decline of sunflower diet status are the misleading of herbal literature on its toxicity records and the disappearance of its political attribute,in addition to its own dietary character and other limitations.Although“Song”replaced the dietary status of sunflower after the Song and Yuan Dynasties,it disappeared and transformed with“sunflower”at the same time.The difference is that the semantic transformation of“Kui”is mainly the evolution of name,while the disappearance of“woad”stems from the evolution of species themselves.

关 键 词：葵菜 菘菜 白菜 葵菘易位 

分 类 号：S63-09[农业科学—蔬菜学] H13[农业科学—园艺学]