裸脚菇0612-9提取物对柑橘青、绿霉的抑菌活性及作用机制  

Antifungal Activity and Mechanism of Extracts of Gymnopus sp.0612-9 Against Penicillium italicum and Penicillium digitatum

作　　者：霍光华[1] 张先吉 颜俊清 崔朝宇 龙昊知[1] 张林平[1] 胡殿明[1] 彭文文[1] HUO Guanghua;ZHANG Xianji;YAN Junqing;CUI Chaoyu;LONG Haozhi;ZHANG Linping;HU Dianming;PENG Wenwen(Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization for Fungal Resources,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330045)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学,江西省菌物资源保护与利用重点实验室,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《核农学报》2022年第6期1145-1154,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江西省自然科学基金项目(20171ACB20014);江西省重点研发计划一般项目(20203BBF63036);国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(31560574);江西省现代农业食用菌产业技术体系专项(JXARS-20)。

摘　　要：为探索裸脚菇0612-9提取物(GSFE)对意大利青霉(Penicillium italicum)和指状青霉(P.digitatum)的抑菌活性和作用机理,本试验采用菌丝生长速率法测定GSFE对意大利青霉和指状青霉的抑菌活性,分析GSFE处理后意大利青霉和指状青霉的菌丝形态、细胞膜通透性和麦角固醇含量变化情况,并通过靶位竞争剂试验探究GSFE的抑菌机理。结果表明,GSFE对意大利青霉和指状青霉的半有效浓度(EC_(50))值分别为116.76和147.74μg·mL^(-1),最小抑菌浓度(MIC)均为200μg·mL^(-1);经质量浓度为EC_(50)和MIC的GSFE处理后意大利青霉和指状青霉菌丝体均发生严重的皱缩、干瘪,并且胞内呈空泡状结构,细胞质大量减少,胞外相对电导率显著上升,菌体内核酸、可溶性蛋白等胞内物质含量显著降低。这表明意大利青霉和指状青霉细胞膜通透性增加,胞内物质外泄,细胞膜完整性遭到破坏。经浓度为EC_(50)的GSFE处理的意大利青霉和指状青霉菌丝体,其麦角固醇含量均显著降低,分别仅为对照组的17.92%和20.13%。由此可见,GSFE主要通过抑制意大利青霉和指状青霉菌丝体的麦角固醇合成而损伤病原真菌细胞膜的结构和功能。本研究结果为后续开发新型微生物源柑橘采后保鲜剂提供了设计思路。The mechanism of antifungal activity of GSFE(Extract of Fermentation Broth from Gymnopus sp.0612-9)on Penicillium italicum and P.digitatum was explored.Mycelial growth rate method was used to determine the antifungal activity of GSFE against the tested pathogenic fungi,and the antifungal mechanism was explored by determining the morphology,cell membrane permeability and ergosterol content changes of mycelia.The results showed that the EC_(50)values of GSFE against P.italicum and P.digitatum were 116.76μg·mL^(-1)and 147.74μg·mL^(-1),respectively.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)was 200μg·mL^(-1)for both fungi after treatment with GSFE at EC_(50)and MIC,the mycelia of P.italicum and P.digitatum were shrunken,with a vacuole-like structure and significantly reduced cytoplasm.Compared to the control group,the extracellular electric conductivity was significantly increased(P<0.05),whereas the contents of nucleic acids,soluble proteins and ergosterol were significantly decreased.These results indicated compromised integrity and increased permeability of the cell membrane,leading to the leakage of intracellular components such as nucleic acids.After GSFE treatment at EC_(50)concentration,the ergosterol content in the mycelia of P.italicum and P.digitatum decreased significantly,down to only 17.92%and 20.13%,respectively,of the control group.Therefore,GSFE can significantly inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol and destroy the cell membrane of pathogenic fungi,causing the leakage of intracellular contents and distortion of the mycelia and inhibiting the growth and development of P.italicum and P.digitatum.This study provides a scientific basis for the development of new microbial agents for postharvest preservation of citrus fruits.

关 键 词：裸脚菇0612-9 鉴定 意大利青霉 指状青霉 抑菌机理 

分 类 号：TS255.3[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]